Proposal of cutoff points for pediatric daytime sleepiness scale to identify excessive daytime sleepiness

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to propose cutoff points for the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) through sensitivity and specificity analyses in order to identify excessive daytime sleepiness, considering parameters such as duration and quality of sleep, health perception, stress control and depressive moods (feelings of sadness) in adolescents. A total of 1,132 adolescents, aged 14–19 years old, of both sexes, from the public high school of São José – SC, answered the questionnaire with information on age, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, health perception, stress management, depressive moods (feelings of sadness) and quality of sleep. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate cutoff points considering the sensitivity and specificity values ​​that best identify adolescents with excessive daytime sleepiness, using independent variables as a reference. The majority of the sample was female (54.2%), aged 14–16 years. The girls presented worse quality of sleep (66.4%), and the boys had a more positive perception of health (74.8%), better stress control (64.8%) and lower depressive moods (feelings of sadness) (63.3%). The largest area in the ROC curve was the one that considered sleep quality as a parameter in both sexes (area of the curve = 0.709 and 0.659, respectively, for boys and girls, p < 0.001). Considering sleep quality as a reference, the cutoff point for excessive daytime sleepiness was 15 points. The other parameters used were also significant (p < 0.005). Poor sleep quality was the parameter most strongly related to daytime sleepiness, and a cutoff of 15 points for the PDSS for both sexes should be used in the definition of excessive daytime sleepiness. For the other parameters, stress management, depressive mood (feelings of sadness) and health perception, different cutoff points are suggested for boys and girls.

KEYWORDS:

• excessive daytime sleepiness
• Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale
• sleep deprivation

Declaration of interest

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Funding

The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) (process no. 472763/2013-0) provided financial support for this study.

Additional information

Funding

The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) (process no. 472763/2013-0) provided financial support for this study.