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Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 36, 2019 - Issue 12
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Original Articles

Chronotype, social jetlag, and time perspective

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1772-1781 | Received 02 Sep 2019, Accepted 20 Oct 2019, Published online: 28 Oct 2019
 

ABSTRACT

The phase of entrainment (chronotype) is known to be associated with time perspective (TP), suggesting that the state of circadian system is involved in the long-term planning of human life. However, little is known regarding the influence of circadian misalignment on long-term planning ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social jetlag (SJL) and TP. A total of 1064 schoolchildren and university students (mean age ± standard deviation, 19.2 ± 2.9 years; range, 15–25 years; females, 71.7%) from four cities in the Russian Federation located between 56.9 and 61.7 degrees North completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Study participants also indicated personal data (age, sex, height weight, place of residence, and achievements). A multiple regression analysis with stepwise inclusion of predictors in the model was performed to evaluate associations between time perspective characteristics (dependent variables) and predictor variables. The change in R2 was used as the measure of effect size. Chronotype was found to be a moderate predictor of future TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.037). In addition, sleep quality was found to be a moderate predictor of past negative (B = 0.043; ΔR2 = 0.074), present fatalistic (B = 0.021; ΔR2 = 0.035), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.066). Mood seasonality was a moderate predictor of present hedonistic TP (B = 0.016; ΔR2 = 0.038), and social jetlag was a weak predictor of present fatalistic (B = 0.052; ΔR2 = 0.019), future (B = −0.033; ΔR2 = 0.004), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.047; ΔR2 = 0.012). In conclusion, this study found a weak but significant association between social jetlag and TP in adolescents and young adults.

Acknowledgments

The Russian version of ZTPI and scoring instruction were kindly provided by Dr. Anna Syrcova. We are grateful to Dr. Olga V. Tatarinova and Dr. Olga N. Kolosova for help in conducting a questionnaire survey in Yakutsk.

Declaration of Interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Supplemental Material

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