A parent-implemented embedded AAC intervention for teaching navigational requests and other communicative functions to children with Autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an embedded naturalistic intervention for teaching augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) application responses to three preschool-aged males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents were taught to embed opportunities for their child to communicate with a grid-based AAC application during every-day routines such as play or mealtime. Communication targets included requesting objects using two-step taxonomic navigational responses, and requesting assistance, rejecting items, or making social comments/responses using a two-step message-strip response. During intervention, parents used strategies such as time delay, prompting, reinforcement, and device proximity (faded over time) to encourage target responses. Display formats and intervention targets were selected in consideration of prior dynamic assessment results. Effects of intervention were evaluated using a multiple probe across participants design. For functional navigational AAC item requesting, all three participants showed an immediate increase in responding that maintained at high levels. Functional AAC responding for other communicative purposes also increased, but at a more gradual pace. All three participants showed generalized responding when new items were added to displays, and when display pages with a larger array of folders and vocabulary items were introduced. Generalization to labeling tasks was mixed.

Keywords:

• Augmentative and alternative communication applications
• Autism spectrum disorder
• embedded instruction
• Naturalistic intervention
• two-step responding

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Notes

1 iPad is a product of the Apple Corporation, Inc., Cupertino, California, www.apple.com

2 GoTalk Now Plus App is a registered trademark of Attainment Company, Inc., Verona, Wisconsin, www.attainmentcompany.com

3 Symbolstix is a product of n2y, LLC. Huron, Ohio. https://www.n2y.com/

Additional information

Funding

This work was conducted as part of the University of New Mexico Women in STEM Faculty Development Fund.