Simulation of other-initiated repair using AAC

Abstract

This simulation study assessed the ability of Speech-Output Technologies (SOTs) to keep in-time during conversational repair. Fifty-eight Other Initiated Repair (OIR) initiators were collected from transcripts of repair interaction sequences collected from past research. A range of selection latencies were then used to calculate simulated utterance composition delays for the OIR initiators using two popular SOT software apps, with and without the use of word prediction. To determine whether OIR utterances could be produced within a socially sensitive temporal gap, composition delay was compared to a conservative temporal limit obtained for oral communicators (Kendrick, 2015). Even at the fastest 0.5 s selection latency level, utterance-level composition delays for both SOTs were substantially greater than the OIR limit set for this study. Next, AAC production rate data spanning a variety of technologies, access methods, tasks and user profiles was obtained from the literature. Communication performance for these groups was then evaluated against the identified temporal OIR limit. None of the user groups were found to be capable of producing full OIR utterances within the temporal limits of oral-speech conversation, with most unable to type even a single selection within these bounds. Because of the frequency and importance of repair in conversation, these results have important implications for designing devices to enable their users to successfully engage in such important conversational activities.

Keywords:

• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
• Other-initiated repair
• Composition delay
• Simulation

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Speech output technologies (SOTs) will refer to all AAC technologies for this study.

2 Predictable™ is manufactured by Therapy Box; https://therapy-box.co.uk/predictable.

3 Proloquo4Text™ is manufactured by AssistiveWare; https://www.assistiveware.com/products/proloquo4text.

4 iPad is a product of the Apple corporation; https://www.apple.com/ipad/.

5 Minspeak is a product of PRC Satillo; https://minspeak.com/.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Engelke Family Foundation and National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR grant number 90DPCP0007).