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Death Studies Volume 38, 2014 - Issue 9
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Articles

Effects of Contingent Self-Esteem on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Behavior

Chad E. Lakey Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USACorrespondence[email protected]
,
Jameson K. Hirsch Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USACorrespondence[email protected]
,
Lyndsay A. Nelson Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
&
Sheri A. Nsamenang Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
Pages 563-570 | Received 30 Jan 2013, Accepted 01 May 2013, Published online: 05 Feb 2014
 
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Abstract

Contingent self-esteem, or self-worth hinged upon successfully meeting standards or attaining goals, requires continual maintenance and validation. Despite the inherent instability that accompanies contingent self-esteem, relatively little is known about how it relates to markers of mental health. A sample of 371 college students completed measures of self-esteem, contingent self-esteem, suicidal behaviors, and depression. Individuals with fragile low self-esteem, described as highly contingent, reported greater depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Among those with secure high self-esteem, or high yet noncontingent, depression and suicide risk were markedly lower. Therapeutically promoting positive but noncontingent self-worth may reduce poor mental health outcomes.

Notes

Note: N = 371. RSE = Rosenberg Self-Esteem; CSE = Contingent Self-Esteem; SBQ–R = revised Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire; CESD = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

The first two authors shared equally in preparing this article.

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