Evidence for Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Reliability for Scores on the PHQ-4 From a Rural and Predominately Hispanic Community

Abstract

The factor structure, measurement invariance, and internal consistency of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) was examined with a rural, predominately Hispanic sample (N = 711). Findings supported use of a one-factor model across gender, age groups, and Spanish-speaking groups. Counseling practice and research implications are discussed.

Keywords:

• PHQ-4
• measurement invariance
• validity
• reliability
• Hispanic
• rural

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by The Hogg Foundations for Mental Health.

Notes on contributors

A. Stephen Lenz

A. Stephen Lenz, PhD, LPC, NCC, is an Associate Professor of Counselor Education at The University of Mississippi. Dr. Lenz specializes in assessment development and evaluation, particularly in relation to community-based approaches for counseling outcome research and program evaluation.

Chi Li

Chi Li, PhD, NCC, is an Assistant Professor of Counselor Education at The University of Memphis. Dr. Li specializes in measurement development in counseling, supervision, and integrated behavioral healthcare.