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Original Articles

The Emergence of Spectra in Gérard Grisey's Compositional Process: From Dérives (1973–74) to Les espaces acoustiques (1974–85)

Pages 343-375 | Published online: 20 Apr 2012
 

Abstract

This article aims to document how spectral models became an essential component of Gérard Grisey's creative approach at the beginning of the 1970s. In Dérives (1974–75), though the spectral model remains rather broad, it determines both the work's temporal structure and the choice of harmonic polarities and progressions. In Périodes (1974), which marks the beginning of the cycle Les espaces acoustiques (1974–85), Grisey specifically transcribes the harmonic spectrum of fundamental frequency E1 (41.2 Hz) and uses it to govern most compositional processes, thus laying the foundations of the spectral music. This study highlights the importance of data drawn from the spectral (de)composition of sound in the compositional processes of both works. It also reveals how Grisey establishes a number of complex compositional techniques then used to structure each detail in the piece, and how he consequently defines a musical project quite comparable to that of serial music.

Cet article vise à documenter la manière dont les modèles spectraux sont devenus une composante essentielle dans la démarche créative de Gérard Grisey au début des années 1970. Dans Dérives (1974–75), le modèle spectral, bien qu'encore très approximatif, conditionne déjà la structuration temporelle de l'œuvre ainsi que le choix des polarités et progressions harmoniques. Dans Périodes (1974), œuvre à l'origine du cycle Les espaces acoustiques (1974–85), Grisey transcrit de manière beaucoup plus précise les harmoniques d'un spectre de fréquence fondamentale 41,2 Hz (E1) et s'en sert pour contrôler la majorité des processus compositionnels, posant ainsi les fondements du langage musical spectral. Cette étude souligne l'importance des données issues de la (dé)composition spectrale du son dans le processus de composition de ces deux œuvres. Elle montre comment Grisey met en place des procédures d'écriture complexes pour structurer l'œuvre dans ses moindres détails et définir ainsi un projet compositionnel pas si éloigné de celui de la musique sérielle.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (MUTEC project) and the Paul Sacher Foundation. We would like heartily to thank Robert Piencikowski, Henrike Hoffmann and Michèle Noirjean-Linder as well as Johanna Blask (Paul Sacher Foundation). We are also very grateful to Nicolas Donin and Jonathan Goldman for their advice and to Karen Brunel-Lafargue for the time spent on the translation.

Notes

[1] Started in 1974 and completed in 1985, the cycle Les espaces acoustiques, lasts approximately 90 minutes and is made up of six instrumental pieces: Prologue (1976) for solo viola, Périodes (1974) for 7 musicians, Partiels (1975) for 16 or 18 musicians, Modulations (1976–77) for 33 musicians, Transitoires (1980–81) for a large orchestra, Épilogue (1985) for 4 solo horns and large orchestra.

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