The Functions, Impacts and Effectiveness of Water Pricing: Evidence from the United States and Canada

Abstract

The paper analyses what is considered to be different ‘prices’ of water: those which depend on the services that are provided, on the revenues structures, and on the types of water markets to which the users may have access to. Conflicting roles of water pricing are also discussed, like the validity of the arguments based on economic efficiency; the generation of adequate revenues for operation, maintenance and expansion of the water system; and the ‘equitable’ treatment towards water users. Water pricing case studies in United States and Canada are presented.

Notes

Toxics, heavy metals, etc. should be prohibited.