How do neuroleptics affect cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia?

Abstract

In studies of how neuroleptics affect schizophrenia there has been a certain shift from symptoms to cognitive deficits. This paper is a review of effect studies, organized in accordance with six different areas of cognitive and psychophysiologic measures. The effects of both conventional neuroleptics and the newer antipsychotic medication are reviewed. Although many studies have been carried out, it is difficult to arrive at clear conclusions. There is not sufficient empirical evidence that traditional neuroleptics have dramatic effects on any of the cognitive functions examined. What can be said with certainty is that anticholinergic medication adversely affects memory and learning in patients with schizophrenia. Results from the few studies published so far indicate that the new generation of neuroleptics, primarily risperidone, has a more positive effect on cognitive functions than conventional neuroleptics.