Assessment of dry eye symptoms among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT

Clinical relevance

The synchronous hybrid learning environment is associated with increased time spent by students working with VDT and increased prevalence of dry eye symptoms in a university-based population.

Background

To assess the prevalence of dry eye symptoms using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire in university students and to identify whether factors such as the synchronous hybrid learning environment as a preventive measure of COVID-19, video display terminal use, gender or contact lens wear influence dry eye symptomatology.

Methods

This study was performed using a web-based questionnaire that was distributed to university students to assess questions related to class attendance, to the use of video display terminals, the need for optical correction and, finally, the OSDI questionnaire.

Results

A total of 676 university students with an average age of 20.7 ± 2.9 years completed the questionnaire, of which 72.6% (491) were females and 27.4% (185) were males. Only 10.2% of the participants attended face to face classes. Of the participants, 35.5% were contact lens wearers. The mean OSDI score of the study population was 27.68 ± 20.09 and the prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease (OSDI score above 22) was 51.8%. Female gender (X²(3) = 38.605, p < 0.001), online class attendance (X²(1) = 20.31; p < 0.001), increased hours of online class attendance (X²(2) = 26.84, p < 0.001) and contact lens wear (X²(2) = 15.264, p < 0.05) were associated with a higher incidence of symptomatic dry eye disease.

Conclusion

The synchronous hybrid learning environment increases the time students spend working with video display terminals and the prevalence of dry eye symptoms. Female gender and contact lens wear were also associated with a higher prevalence of dry eye symptoms. It should not be ignored that dry eye could also affect academic performance.

KEYWORDS:

• Hybrid learning
• COVID-19
• University
• Dry eye
• OSDI
• Video display terminals

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).