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Original Articles

Approaches to Studying Churches and Politics in Latin America: A Review and Critical Assessment

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Pages 311-337 | Published online: 06 May 2014
 

Abstract

This article proposes a critical review of the two main types of approaches which have been used to examine the political involvement of the Latin American Catholic Church in recent years: the “institutional” approach, which gives a central importance to the organizational dimensions of church activation; and the “people-ascendant” view, for which the political involvement of the church is the result of pressure from its grass roots. Focusing primarily upon the situation in Brazil, and to a lesser extent El Salvador and Nicaragua, we conclude that the institutional approach offers a significantly better understanding of the changes which have taken place and are currently under way in Latin America. Nevertheless, we suggest that the approach needs to be fundamentally retooled, as it has not proved useful in identifying and assessing the strength of social movements working both on behalf of and now, in many cases, against church activation. To this end, the paper concludes with an appeal for further research on the resource mobilization approach and the role it may serve in enhancing the scope and explanatory parameters of the institutional perspective.

Résumé

Cet article propose un examen critique des deux principales approches utilisées dans les études sur la participation politique de l'Eglise catholique en Amérique latine au cours des dernières années: l'approche « institutionnelle », laquelle accorde une importance primordiale à la dimension organisationnelle, ainsi que l'approche de la «mobilisation du peuple», selon laquelle cette participation politique est le résultat de pressions de la base. En analysant le cas du Brésil et, dans une moindre mesure, ceux du Salvador et du Nicaragua, nous concluons que l'approche institutionnelle permet une meilleure compréhension des changements d'orientation des dernières années, incluant ceux qui ont présentement cours. Cela dit, nous estimons que cette approche doit être révisée en profondeur puisqu'elle ne semble pas adéquate pour rendre compte de la force des mouvements sociaux agissant soit en faveur ou, dans certains cas, à l'encontre de l'action de l'Eglise. Nous concluons donc en appelant de nos voeux l'élaboration de nouveaux projets de recherche conjuguant à la fois l'approche institutionnelle et l'approche de la mobilisation des ressources.

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