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Original Articles

Turning Privatization Upside Down: Petrobras as an Example of Successful State Capitalism

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Pages 231-258 | Published online: 06 May 2014
 

Abstract

For more than the last three decades, conventional economic wisdom, the dominant policy advice, and lending have been based on a growing economic literature that seeks to demonstrate that liberalization and privatization lead to superior outcomes, including higher levels of investment, accountability, and technology development. However, a new wave of Latin American leaders in countries such as Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Brazil, among others, have begun to reverse the movement toward foreign and private investors and reassert national control. Using the example of Petrobras, this article demonstrates that a “state capitalist” system offers the possibility for a new balance between efficiency and broader development goals.

Resumen

Por más de tres décadas, el saber convencional en economía, las ideas dominantes en política y las finanzas se han basado en una literatura de crecimiento económico que busca demostrar que la liberalización y la privatización llevan a resultados superiores, incluyendo más altos niveles de inversión, transparencia y desarrollo tecnológico. Sin embargo, una nueva ola de líderes en América Latina, en países como Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia y Brasil, entre otros, han comenzado a revertir el movimiento hacia inversiones extranjeras y privadas, y reafirman el control nacional. Utilizando el ejemplo de Petrobras, este artículo demuestra que el sistema de “capitalismo de Estado” ofrece la posibilidad de un nuevo equilibrio entre eficiencia y metas de desarrollo más amplias.

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