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Original Articles

Customary Law in Search of Balance: Bolivia's Quest For a New Concept of “Rights” and the Construction of Ethnicity

Pages 111-142 | Published online: 06 May 2014
 

Abstract

This article first explores how the new Bolivian constitution was cited to defend an act of “communal justice,” and how this constitution's genesis was surrounded by fierce debate for precisely this reason. Then, having sketched the recent political history of Bolivia in order to situate the controversies, the article reconstructs how the constitution's debatable images of “indigeneity,” which were subsequently applied in the conferring of collective rights, provided the ammunition for the justification of the act. The friction between the images of indigeneity and actual developments among the indigenous peoples of Bolivia is then addressed. After portraying the concrete circumstances in which the act took place, the article concludes that behind the conflict are different emphases on the types of rights that ought to prevail in specific situations, and that these selective emphases tend to prevent an exchange on compatibilities.

Resumen

Partiendo de un acto de ‘justicia comunitaria’ y el subsecuente debate sobre este incidente dentro del cual la nueva constitución boliviana fue usado como justificación para aplicar esta justicia comunitaria, el artículo prosigue esbozando la historia política reciente del país para poder contextualizar las controversias sobre sistemas de justicia en la Bolivia actual. Luego, se hace una reconstrucción de la emergencia de ciertas imágenes discutables sobre ‘indigeneidad’ que caracterizan la constitución actual—imágenes que fueron usados para justificar el uso del derecho comunitario. Después se elabora sobre la fricción entre estos imágenes y la vida real y actual de los pueblos indígenas en Bolivia. Luego de haber detallado las condiciones dentro de las cuales aconteció el incidente se concluye que el hecho de que existen diferentes énfasis sobre diferentes tipos de derechos contribuyó al conflicto, y que estos énfasis selectivos resultan en obstáculos para un diálogo más constructivo sobre compatibilidades entre estos tipos de derechos.

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