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Immunological Investigations
A Journal of Molecular and Cellular Immunology
Volume 35, 2006 - Issue 3-4
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Original

More Than Structural Cells, Fibroblasts Create and Orchestrate the Tumor Microenvironment

, , , , , & show all
Pages 297-325 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment comprises many cell types including infiltrating immune cells such as lymphocytes, endothelial cells and a complex stroma consisting mainly of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are heterogeneous and consist of Thy-1+ and Thy-1 subsets that define different biosynthetic and differentiation potential. They produce mediators linked to carcinogenesis and metastasis, including Cox-2 and PGE2, both of which are also increased in most cancers. This review will highlight the emerging role of the complex fibroblastic stroma in establishing a microenvironment supporting malignant transformation, tumor growth and attenuation of host anti-tumor immune responses.

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