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Abstract
Flow cytometric analyses of immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and function are limited by the number of different fluorochromes that can be resolved simultaneously. Additional colors to expand functional analytic capability will facilitate higher dimensional analyses of heterogeneous cell populations by basic and clinical scientists. Our aim in these studies was to evaluate CellVue® Claret, a fluorescent, far-red emitting, membrane intercalating dye (excitation maximum: 655 nm, emission maximum 677nm), as an alternative and/or complementary probe to PKH26 and CFSE1 for polychromatic studies of immune cell proliferation and function. Using a BD FACSCalibur and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 8 different donors (2 donors studied twice), we compared CellVue® Claret with the two most commonly used visible-emitting proliferation dyes, PKH26 and CFSE, in terms of: (1) compatibility with 7-Amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) as a viability marker; (2) effect of dye labeling on lymphocyte viability; and (3) the proliferative response of CD3+ T lymphocytes from 0–96 hours as assessed by dilution of each of the 3 cell tracking dyes in cultures stimulated with anti-CD3 plus IL-2. Post-labeling recoveries and viabilities were similar for all 3 dyes, with modestly higher initial staining intensities and coefficients of variation for CellVue® Claret than for CFSE or PKH26. Lymphocyte viabilities in stimulated or unstimulated cultures were also unaffected by choice of dye. Proliferative responses of viable CD3+ lymphocytes were comparable for all three dyes, whether results were reported as Proliferative Fraction (percent of cells that had divided one or more times) or as Precursor Frequency (percent of parent population that had gone on to proliferate in response to anti-CD3 plus IL-2). In summary, T cell proliferation analysis using CellVue® Claret gives results equivalent to those obtained with PKH26 or CFSE, expanding the choice of proliferation dyes suitable for use in high dimensional polychromatic studies on flow cytometers with far red (633 nm–658 nm) excitation capabilities.
| ABBREVIATIONS | ||
| 7-AAD: | = | 7-Amino-actinomycin D |
| APC: | = | allophycocyanin |
| BSA: | = | bovine serum albumin |
| CFDA-SE: | = | 5- (and 6-) carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester |
| CFSE: | = | 5- (and 6-) carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester |
| CV: | = | coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation) |
| DMSO: | = | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DPBS: | = | Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline |
| FBS: | = | fetal bovine serum |
| FITC: | = | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| FSC: | = | forward (low angle) light scatter |
| MFI: | = | mean fluorescence intensity |
| PBMCs: | = | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| PE: | = | phycoerythrin |
| RCS: | = | relative chi square |
| SE: | = | standard error |
| SD: | = | standard deviation |
| SSC: | = | side (right angle) light scatter |