Election Symbols: The Language of the Heart, Veil over the Mind?

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

Notes

1 S.I. Hayakawa and Alan R. Hayakawa, Language in Thought and Action (New York: Harcourt Inc., 1990), 16.

2 Boller, Essays on the Presidents: Principles and Policies, 67.

3 “Blowing Smoke: A Presidential Campaign at Poplar Forest,” Archeology Blog, https://www.poplarforest.org/blowing-smoke-a-presidential-campaign-at-poplar-forest/.

4 Hayakawa, Language in Thought and Action, 17.

5 Evan Cornog, “Chapter 15: The Democracy United: Pierce v. Scott, 1852,” in Hats in the Ring: An Illustrated History of American Presidential Campaigns, edited by Richard Whelan, Illustrations (New York: Random House, 2000), 93.

6 Cornog, Hats in the Ring, 94.

7 Larry Gara, The Presidency of Franklin Pierce (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 39.

8 Cornog, Hats in the Ring, 94.

9 Valda Roric, “Horses as Symbols of Power in History and Mythology,” Ancient Origins: Reconstructing the Story of Humanity’s Past, May 18, 2016, http://www.ancient-origins.net/history/horses-symbols-power-history-and-mythology-005912?nopaging=1

10 Larry Gara, The Presidency of Franklin Pierce (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 26.

11 Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, 1999–2017, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1852.

12 Hayakawa, Language in Thought and Action, 27.

13 Ibid., 113.

14 Paul F. Boller, Presidential Campaigns: From George Washington to George Bush (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 88.

15 Paul F. Boller, Essays on the Presidents: Principles and Politics (Fort Worth: TCU Press, 2013), 68.

16 Boller, Essays on the Presidents: Principles and Politics, 68.

17 Charles Winslow Elliott, Winfield Scott: The Soldier and the Man (New York: Arno Press, 1979), 631.

18 Ibid., 633.

19 Ibid.

20 Ibid., 631.

21 Paul F. Boller, Presidential Campaigns, 90.

22 Nancy R. Davidson, “E.W. Clay and the American Political Caricature Business,” in Prints and Printmakers of New York State: 1825–1940, edited by David Tatham (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986), 91–92.

23 John L. Magee, “A Dish of Black Turtle,” published by P. Smith for Nathaniel Currier in New York City, 1852. Available in the Library of Congress “Cartoon Prints, American,” LCUSZ6210357 and call number PC/US 1852. S656, no. 5 (B size) [P&P], from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print.

24 Marcus Wood, Black Milk: Imagining Slavery in the Visual Cultures of Brazil and America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 96.

25 Wood, Black Milk, 98.

26 “A Bad Egg. Fuss and Feathers,” 1852, P. Smith [i.e., Nathaniel Currier for Currier & Ives, New York, 1852, “Cartoons and Prints, American.” LCDIGpga04724 (digital file from original item) LCUSZ6250949 from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print.

27 Edward Williams Clay, “Ornithology,” John Childs publisher in New York, 1852. “Cartoon Prints, American,” LCUSZ625784 and call number PC/US 1852.C619, no. 43 from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print.

28 H. Bucholzer, artist, “Sold For Want of Use,” James S. Baillie, lithographer, New York, 1852. “Cartoon Prints, American,” LC-USZ62-91407 and call number PC/US 1844.B157, no. 21, from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print.

29 John L. Magee, artist, “The Game-Cock and the Goose,” Thomas W. Strong, lithographer, New York, 1852. “Cartoon Prints, American,” LCUSZ6210827 and call number PC/US 1852.S924, no. 8, from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print.

30 “Quartette from the New Opera of the ‘Whig Celebration at Lundy’s Lane’." Tune “Will You Come to the Bower,” John Childs, publisher, New York, 1852, Edward Williams Clay, 1799–1857, artist. “Cartoon Prints, American,” LCUSZ6216010 and call number PC/US 1852.C619, no. 44, from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print. The dialogue among Seward, Greeley, and Scott below also originated in this cartoon.

31 Ryan Howard, Punch and Judy in 19th Century America: A History and Biographical Dictionary (Jefferson: McFarland, 2013), 67.

32 Howard, Punch and Judy in 19th Century America, 4.

33 “European Matters.” Our Paris Correspondence. Gossip of Paris. Paris, April 15, 1852. “The ‘Moving’ Paris. The Ceremonies of the Holy Week. Extraordinary Promenade. Exhibition off Paintings—Sale of Louis Philippe’s Books—The Balls and Parties. The Operas, Theatres, etc.,” New York Herald, May 4, 1852, 3. Chronicling America Newspapers, October 22, 2017.

34 “Le Mardi Gras,” Washington (D.C.) Telegraph, March 2, 1852. Chronicling American Newspapers, October 21, 2017.

35 Paul Watt with Derek B. Scott and Patrick Spedding, editors. Cheap Print and Popular Song in the Nineteenth Century: A Cultural History of the Songster (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017), 75.

36 Watt, Cheap Print and Popular Song, 79, 80.

37 Ibid., 83.

38 Hayakawa, Language in Thought and Action, 145.

39 Ibid., 60–61.

40 “Democratic Song,” next to “The Results of the Election,” Mountain Sentinel (Ebensburg, Pennsylvania), November 4, 1852, 2. Chronicling America Newspapers, October 7, 2017.

41 Charles Hartley, “Rowed Up Salt River,” Bullitt County History (A Research Project Under the Auspices of the Bullitt County Genealogical Society), 2008 Copyright. The explanation originates in the Salem Gazette, Salem, Massachusetts, 27 Jan 1835, vol XIII, issue 8, page 2, Provider: NewsBank/Readex, America’s Historical Newspapers, SQN: 10C5EA01F2715868.

42 Hartley, “Rowed Up Salt River.” The letter is available the Maine Memory Network at the Maine Historical Society.