A comparison of the relationship between extraversion and argumentativeness in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

ABSTRACT

The association between argumentativeness and extraversion, while well established in the United States, has not been examined cross-culturally. Therefore, this study conducts a cross-cultural comparison of this association with nationally representative samples from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. The results confirm previous research in the U.S. and showed U.S. participants scored highest on tendency to approach arguments and extraversion, and lowest on tendency to avoid arguments, while New Zealanders scored the lowest on tendency to approach arguments and extraversion. These results expand our understanding of argumentativeness, illustrating the positive association between argumentativeness and extraversion is not a uniquely U.S. phenomenon, and expanding our understanding of argumentativeness to the Canadian context. The differences found between countries suggest future research explore how other factors might explain these differences.

KEYWORDS:

• Argumentativeness
• extraversion
• cross-cultural
• ANOVA
• Fisher’s z

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. CFA results for Argumentativeness Scale – Deleted items = 1, 8, 13, and 16. χ2(103) = 1229.97, p < .0001, CFI = .92, GFI = .94, SRMR .08, RMSEA = .08. Approach α = .92, φ = .92; Avoid α = .87, φ = .87

2. CFA results for EPQR – Deleted items = 1, 9, 11, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, and 24. - χ2(59) = 771.19, p < .0001, CFI = .95, GFI = .93, SRMR .08, RMSEA = .08. Extraversion α = .72, φ = .72; Neuroticism α = .84, φ = .84; Tendency to Lie α = .88, φ = .88; and Psychoticism α = .70, φ = .70.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Massey University.

Notes on contributors

Stephen M Croucher

Stephen M Croucher is a Professor and Head of School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing at Massey University. He received his PhD at the University of Oklahoma.

Tommy Yotes

Tommy Yotes is a Doctoral Candidate in the School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing at Massey University.

Doug Ashwell

Doug Ashwell is a Senior Lecturer and Associate Head of School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing at Massey University. He received his PhD at Massey University.

Shawn M Condon

Shawn M Condon is a Senior Tutor in the School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing at Massey University.