IRF5-mediated immune responses and its implications in immunological disorders

ABSTRACT

Transcription factors are gene regulators that activate or repress target genes. One family of the transcription factors that have been extensively studied for their crucial role in regulating gene network in the immune system is the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). IRFs possess a novel turn-helix turn motif that recognizes a specific DNA consensus found in the promoters of many genes that are involved in immune responses. IRF5, a member of IRFs has recently gained much attention for its role in regulating inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the role of IRF5 in regulating immune cells functions and how the dysregulation of IRF5 contributes to the pathogenesis of immune disorders. We also review the latest findings of potential IRF5 inhibitors that modulate IRF5 activity in the effort of developing therapeutic approaches for treating inflammatory disorders.

KEYWORDS:

• Autoimmune diseases
• immune cells
• inflammatory disorders
• interferon regulatory factor 5
• transcription factor

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.

Additional information

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2013/SKK01/MUSM/03/03).