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Notes
1 Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, New Patriot Games: How Secret Services Have Been Changing Their Skin 1991–2004 (2005); The New Nobility: The Restoration of Russia’s Security State and the Enduring Legacy of the KGB (New York: Public Affairs, 2010); The Red Web: The Struggle Between Russia’s Digital Dictators and the New Online Revolutionaries (New York: Public Affairs, 2015).
2 See Benjamin B. Fisher, “The Fall and Rise of the Soviet Union,” International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, Vol. 31, No. 3 (2018), pp. 607–616.
3 See Nicholas William Bethell, The Last Secret: Forcible Repatriation to Russia, 1944–1947 (New York: Basic Books, 1974).
4 “Russian diaspora,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_diaspora
5 Anton Troianovski, “The Hard-Line Russian Advisers Who Have Putin’s Ear,” The New York Times, 31 January 2022, p. 1.
6 Masha Gessen, The Future is History: How Totalitarianism Reclaimed Russia (New York, Riverhead Books, 2017), p. 437.
7 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956 (New York: Harper & Row, 1974).
8 Emily Tamkin, “How Putin Tracks and Attacks Russians Abroad,” SLATE, 1 November 2019,
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Benjamin B. Fischer
Benjamin B. Fischer, a member of the History Staff at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)’s Center for the Study of Intelligence since 1996, previously served in the CIA’s Directorates of Intelligence and Operations. Mr. Fischer, the editor of the center’s bulletin, also edited At Cold War’s End: U.S. Intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989–1991 (Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999).