![Sample our Politics & International Relations journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5947/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Politics-International-Relations.jpg"})
Notes
1 Thomas Mathiesen, Prison on Trial: A Critical Assessment (London and Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1990); Joe Sim, Punishment and Prisons: Power and the Carceral State (London and Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2009); Loïc J. D. Wacquant, Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009).
2 Fay Honey Knopp et al., Instead of Prisons: A Handbook for Abolitionists, ed. Mark Morris (Syracuse, NY: Prison Research Education Action Project, 1976); Ruth Morris, Penal Abolition, the Practical Choice: A Practical Manual on Penal Abolition (Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 1995); Jim Consedine, ‘Towards a Theology of Transformative Justice’, in The Case for Penal Abolition, ed. W. Gordon-West and Ruth Morris (Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2000), 301–18.
3 Thomas Mathiesen, The Politics of Abolition (New York: Wiley, 1974); Thomas Mathiesen, The Politics of Abolition Revisited (Abingdon: Routledge, 2015).
4 Knopp et al., Instead of Prisons: A Handbook for Abolitionists; Mathiesen, The Politics of Abolition Revisited.
5 Angela Y. Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete? (New York: Seven Stories, 2003); Angela Y. Davis, Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture (New York: Seven Stories, 2005); Dorothy E Roberts, ‘Abolition Constitutionalism’, Harvard Law Review 133, no. 1 (2019): 1–122; William Calathes, ‘Racial Capitalism and Punishment Philosophy and Practices: What Really Stands in the Way of Prison Abolition’, Contemporary Justice Review 20, no. 4 (2017): 442–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2017.1383774; Damon Mayrl, ‘Fields, Logics, and Social Movements: Prison Abolition and the Social Justice Field’, Sociological Inquiry 83, no. 2 (2013): 286–309, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2012.00428.x; Lydia Pelot-Hobbs, ‘Scaling Up or Scaling Back? The Pitfalls and Possibilities of Leveraging Federal Interventions for Abolition’, Critical Criminology 26, no. 3 (September 2018): 423–41, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-018-9401-3; Allegra M McLeod, ‘Envisioning Abolition Democracy’, Harvard Law Review 132 (2019): 1613–49.
6 Davis, Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture; Angela Y. Davis, ‘Deepening the Debate over Mass Incarceration’, Socialism and Democracy 28, no. 3 (2014): 15–23, https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2014.963945.
7 Lisa Finateri and Viviane Saleh-Hanna, ‘International Conference on Penal Abolition: The Birth of ICOPA’, in The Case for Penal Abolition, ed. W. Gordon-West and Ruth Morris (Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2000), 261–74; Justin Piché and Mike Larsen, ‘The Moving Targets of Penal Abolitionism: ICOPA, Past, Present and Future’, Contemporary Justice Review 13, no. 4 (December 2010): 391–410, https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2010.517964.
8 W. Gordon-West and Ruth Morris, ‘Introduction to the Case for Penal Abolition’, in The Case for Penal Abolition, ed. W. Gordon-West and Ruth Morris (Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2000), 3–16; Michael J. Coyle and Judah Schept, ‘Penal Abolition and the State: Colonial, Racial and Gender Violences’, Contemporary Justice Review 20, no. 4 (2017): 399–403, https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2017.1386065; Michael J. Coyle and David Gordon Scott, eds., The Routledge International Handbook of Penal Abolition (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2021); Michael J. Coyle and Judah Schept, ‘Penal Abolition Praxis’, Critical Criminology 26, no. 3 (September 2018): 319–23, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-018-9407-x.
9 Morris, Penal Abolition, the Practical Choice; Gordon-West and Morris, ‘Introduction to the Case for Penal Abolition’; Vincenzo Ruggiero, Penal Abolitionism: A Celebration, Clarendon Studies in Criminology (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010); Nicolas Carrier and Justin Piché, ‘Blind Spots of Abolitionist Thought in Academia: On Longstanding and Emerging Challenges’, Champ Pénal, no. Vol. XII (23 March 2015), https://doi.org/10.4000/champpenal.9162; Coyle and Schept, ‘Penal Abolition and the State’.
10 Piché and Larsen, ‘The Moving Targets of Penal Abolitionism’; Nicolas Carrier, Justin Piché, and Kevin Walby, ‘Abolitionism and Decarceration’, in The Handbook of Social Control, ed. Mathieu Deflem, First Edition, Wiley Handbooks in Criminology and Criminal Justice (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2019), 319–32.
11 For a particularly strong example, see: Ruggiero, Penal Abolitionism: A Celebration.
12 Ti Lamusse, Sophie Morgan, and Emilie Rākete, eds., Abolitionist Demands: Toward the End of Prisons in Aotearoa (Auckland: No Pride in Prisons Press, 2016).
13 Vincenzo Ruggiero, ‘An Abolitionist View of Restorative Justice’, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 39, no. 2 (August 2011): 100–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2011.03.001.
14 Ruggiero, Penal Abolitionism: A Celebration.
15 Ruggiero, ‘An Abolitionist View of Restorative Justice’.
16 Michelle Brown and Judah Schept, ‘New Abolition, Criminology and a Critical Carceral Studies’, Punishment & Society 19, no. 4 (2017): 444, https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474516666281.
17 Benny LeMaster and Meggie Mapes, ‘Refusing a Compulsory Want for Revenge, or, Teaching against Retributive Justice with Liberatory Pedagogy’, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 17, no. 4 (1 October 2020): 401–9, https://doi.org/10.1080/14791420.2020.1829662.
18 LeMaster and Mapes; Marina Bell, ‘Abolition: A New Paradigm for Reform’, Law & Social Inquiry 46, no. 1 (February 2021): 32–68, https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.21.
19 Marianne Elliott and Jess Berentson-Shaw, ‘How to Talk About Crime and Justice: A Guide’ (Wellington: The Workshop & JustSpeak, 2020).
20 Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of ‘Sex’ (New York: Routledge, 2011).
21 Norman Fairclough and Phil Graham, ‘Marx as a Critical Discourse Analyst: The Genesis of a Critical Method and Its Relevance to the Critique of Global Capital’, in Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language, 2nd ed. (Harlow: Pearson, 2010), 315.
22 Kevin Walby, ‘Anarcho-Abolition: A Challenge to Conservative and Liberal Criminology’, in Critical Criminology in Canada: New Voices, New Directions, ed. Aaron Doyle and Dawn Moore, Law and Society Series (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2011), 288–307.
23 Ruggiero, Penal Abolitionism: A Celebration, 153–74; Vincenzo Ruggiero, ‘Crime and Punishment in Classical and Libertarian Utopias’, in Crime, Critique and Utopia, ed. Margaret Malloch and Bill Munro (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013), 71.
24 Walby, ‘Anarcho-Abolition: A Challenge to Conservative and Liberal Criminology’; Carrier, Piché, and Walby, ‘Abolitionism and Decarceration’.
25 Pelot-Hobbs, ‘Scaling Up or Scaling Back?’, 424.
26 For an interesting analysis of this in relation to transformative justice, see: Fergus McNeill, ‘Resisting Mass Supervision: Reform and Abolition’, in Justice Alternatives, ed. Pat Carlen and Leandro Ayres França (Abingdon: Routledge, 2020), 88–101.
27 Mechthild Nagel and Anthony J. Nocella, ‘Introduction: Imprisoning the Ninety-Nine Percent’, in The End of Prisons: Reflections from the Decarceration Movement, ed. Mechthild Nagel and Anthony J. Nocella (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2013), 3.
28 I owe this analysis to Kalym Lipsey. As a formerly incarcerated person, Kalym made this point in response to a conference paper that suggested universities are type of prison.
29 Chermaine Chua, ‘Abolition Is a Constant Struggle: Five Lessons from Minneapolis’, Theory & Event 23, no. 4 (2020): 127–47.
30 Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams, Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World without Work (Brooklyn, NY: Verso Books, 2015).
31 Srnicek and Williams, 10.
32 Rafi Reznik, ‘Retributive Abolitionism’, Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law 24, no. 2 (2019): 123–94, https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38959C80J; Mirko Bagaric, Dan Hunter, and Jennifer Svilar, ‘Prison Abolition: From Naïve Idealism to Technological Pragmatism’, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 111, no. 2 (2021): 57, https://doi.org/0091-4169/21/11102-0351.
33 Reznik, ‘Retributive Abolitionism’.
34 Bagaric, Hunter, and Svilar, ‘Prison Abolition’.
35 Bagaric, Hunter, and Svilar, ‘Prison Abolition’, 395.
36 For an interesting analysis of how existing justice practices, such as solitary confinement, can amount to torture, see Tracy Hresko, ‘In the Cellars of the Hollow Men: Use of Solitary Confinement in US Prisons and Its Implications under International Laws against Torture’, Pace International Law Review 18, no. 1 (2006): 1–28.
37 Louk Hulsman, ‘Critical Criminology and the Concept of Crime’, Contemporary Crises 10, no. 1 (1986): 63–80, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00728496.
38 Russell Mokhiber, ‘20 Things You Should Know About Corporate Crime’, The Harvard Law Record, 24 March 2015, http://hlrecord.org/20-things-you-should-know-about-corporate-crime/.
39 World Health Organization and International Labour Organization, WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury, 2000–2016: Global Monitoring Report (Geneva: World Health Organization & International Labour Organization, 2021), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345242.
40 Karn Vohra et al., ‘Global Mortality from Outdoor Fine Particle Pollution Generated by Fossil Fuel Combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem’, Environmental Research 195 (April 2021): 110754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754.
41 Jason Lydon et al., ‘Coming out of Concrete Closets: A Report on Black & Pink’s National LGBTQ Prisoner Survey’ (Black & Pink, 2015); Shana Agid et al., ‘The Critical Resistance Abolition Organising Toolkit’ (Oakland, CA: Critical Resistance, 2004); Lamusse, Morgan, and Rākete, Abolitionist Demands: Toward the End of Prisons in Aotearoa.
42 Agid et al., ‘The Critical Resistance Abolition Organising Toolkit’; Ervin Woods et al., ‘Our Communities, Our Solutions: An Organizer’s Toolkit for Developing Campaigns to Abolish Policing’ (Oakland, CA: Critical Resistance, 2020).
43 Mohamed Shehk, ‘Abolitionist Reforms’, in Routledge International Handbook of Penal Abolitionism, ed. David Scott and Michael J. Coyle (London: Routledge, 2021), 32–38.
44 Nathaniel Shara, Ending Child Sexual Abuse: A Transformative Justice Handbook (San Francisco: Generation FIVE, 2017); Aaliyah Zionov and Mackenzie Valgre, ‘Transformative Justice Workshop: Practical Ways of Solving Interpersonal Harm and Conflict in Our Communities’ (Auckland: People Against Prisons Aotearoa, 2018).
45 Michelle Brown, ‘Transformative Justice and New Abolition in the United States’, in Justice Alternatives, ed. Pat Carlen and Leandro Ayres França (Abingdon: Routledge, 2020), 73–87; Mimi E. Kim, ‘From Carceral Feminism to Transformative Justice: Women-of-Color Feminism and Alternatives to Incarceration’, Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work 27, no. 3 (2018): 219–33, https://doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2018.1474827.
46 Knopp et al., Instead of Prisons: A Handbook for Abolitionists.
47 Knopp et al., 62.
48 Mathiesen, The Politics of Abolition Revisited.
49 Thomas Mathiesen, ‘The Politics of Abolition’, Contemporary Crises 10, no. 1 (1986): 87, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00728497.
50 Mathiesen, 87.
51 Carrier and Piché, ‘Blind Spots of Abolitionist Thought in Academia’, para. 11.
52 Mathiesen, The Politics of Abolition Revisited, 57.
53 Angela Y. Davis, The Angela Y. Davis Reader, ed. Joy James, Blackwell Readers (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1998); Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?; Davis, Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture; Davis, ‘Deepening the Debate over Mass Incarceration’.
54 Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?, 108.
55 Davis, 106.
56 Davis, 106.
57 Davis, The Angela Y. Davis Reader.
58 Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?, 108.
59 Davis, 113.
60 Alex S. Vitale, The End of Policing (New York: Verso, 2017).
61 Vitale, 76–89.
62 Vitale, 146.
63 As acknowledged in Chua’s description of abolitionist mutual aid programs in Minneapolis Chua, ‘Abolition Is a Constant Struggle: Five Lessons from Minneapolis’.
64 David Scott, ‘Visualising an Abolitionist Real Utopia: Principles, Policy and Praxis’, in Crime, Critique and Utopia, ed. Margaret Malloch and Bill Munro (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013), 90–113.
65 Scott, 98–101. Scott, 98.
66 Scott, ‘Visualising an Abolitionist Real Utopia: Principles, Policy and Praxis’, 98–101.
67 Lamusse, Morgan, and Rākete, Abolitionist Demands: Toward the End of Prisons in Aotearoa; Ti Lamusse, ‘Strategies for Building the Revolutionary Left: A Case Study of Prison Abolitionism in Aotearoa’, Counterfutures: Left Thought & Practice Aotearoa, no. 6 (2018): 120–38.
68 Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?, 44.
69 Jeffrey H. Reiman and Paul Leighton, The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison: Ideology, Class, and Criminal Justice, Eleventh Edition (New York: Routledge, 2017), 24.
70 Mathiesen, The Politics of Abolition Revisited, 6.
71 Nils Christie, ‘Conflicts as Property’, British Journal of Criminology 17, no. 1 (1977): 1–15; Louk Hulsman, ‘The Abolitionist Case: Alternative Crime Policies’, Israel Law Review 25, no. 3–4 (1991): 681–709, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021223700010694.
72 Jawad Ahmad and Georg Von Wangenheim, ‘Access to Justice: An Evaluation of the Informal Justice Systems’, Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 5, no. 1 (4 June 2021): 228–44, https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.16; Patrick Akers, ‘Establishing Rule Of Law Through Informal Justice Systems And Development Programs’, Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 30, no. 1 (2016): 115–42; Stanley Cohen, Visions of Social Control: Crime, Punishment, and Classification (Oxford: Polity, 1985); Hazel Genn, ‘Tribunals and Informal Justice’, The Modern Law Review 56, no. 3 (1993): 393–411; Matthias Kötter, ‘Non-State Justice Institutions: A Matter of Fact and a Matter of Legislation’, in Non-State Justice Institutions and the Law: Decision-Making at the Interface of Tradition, Religion and the State, ed. Matthias Kötter et al. (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015), 155–87, https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137403285; Dermot Feenan, ‘Re-Introducing Informal Criminal Justice’, in Informal Criminal Justice, ed. Dermot Feenan, Advances in Criminology (Farnham: Ashgate, 2002), 1–14; Colin Harvey, ‘Legality, Legitimacy and the Politics of Informalism’, in Informal Criminal Justice, ed. Dermot Feenan, Advances in Criminology (Farnham: Ashgate, 2002), 15–24; Ray Abrahams, ‘What’s in a Name? Some Thoughts on the Vocabulary of Vigilantism and Related Forms of “Informal Criminal Justice”’, in Informal Criminal Justice, ed. Dermot Feenan, Advances in Criminology (Farnham: Ashgate, 2002), 25–40; Rebekah Lee and Jeremy Seekings, ‘Vigilantism and Popular Justice after Apartheid’, in Informal Criminal Justice, ed. Dermot Feenan, Advances in Criminology (Farnham: Ashgate, 2002), 99–116; Susan Jean and W. Fitzhugh Brundage, ‘Legitimizing “Justice”: Lynching and the Boundaires of Informal Justice in the American South’, in Informal Criminal Justice, ed. Dermot Feenan, Advances in Criminology (Farnham: Ashgate, 2002), 157–77; Richard L. Abel, ‘Introduction’, in The Politics of Informal Justice: The American Experience, ed. Richard L. Abel, vol. 1, Studies on Law and Social Control (New York: Academic Press, 1982), 1–13; Richard L. Abel, ‘The Contradictions of Informal Justice’, in The Politics of Informal Justice: The American Experience, ed. Richard L. Abel, vol. 1, Studies on Law and Social Control (New York: Academic Press, 1982), 167–320; Richard L. Abel, ‘Introduction’, in The Politics of Informal Justice: Comparative Studies, ed. Richard L. Abel, vol. 2, Studies on Law and Social Control (New York: Academic Press, 1982), 1–13.
73 Te Uepū Hāpai i te Ora, ‘He Waka Roimata: Transforming Our Criminal Justice System’ (Wellington: Te Uepū Hāpai i te Ora: The Safe and Effective Justice Advisory Group, 2019); Te Uepū Hāpai i te Ora, ‘Turuki! Turuki! Transforming Our Criminal Justice System’ (Wellington: Te Uepū Hāpai i te Ora: The Safe and Effective Justice Advisory Group, 2019).
74 Hulsman, ‘The Abolitionist Case’; Louk Hulsman, ‘Themes and Concepts in an Abolitionist Approach to Criminal Justice’ (Dordrecht: Hulsman Foundation, 1997), https://hulsmanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/abolitionistapproach.pdf.
75 Te Uepū Hāpai i te Ora, ‘He Waka Roimata: Transforming Our Criminal Justice System’, 14; Fay Honey Knopp, ‘On Radical Feminism and Abolition’, Peace Review 6, no. 2 (1994): 203–8.
76 See: Morris, Penal Abolition, the Practical Choice, 75–78.
77 Te Uepū Hāpai i te Ora, ‘Turuki! Turuki! Transforming Our Criminal Justice System’.
78 Clinton Roper et al., ‘Te Ara Hou: The New Way – Ministerial Committee of Inquiry into the Prisons System’ (Wellington: Crown, 1989); Peter Gluckman, ‘Using Evidence to Build a Better Justice System: The Challenge of Rising Prison Costs’ (Auckland: Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor, 2018).
79 In Aotearoa, the colonial state is referred to as the “Crown”. This is because Queen Victoria was a party to Te Tiriti o Waitangi, a treaty between settlers and some Māori. The colonial state is the successor to Queen Victoria and is, therefore, referred to as the Crown. Tikanga Māori refers to the pre-colonial legal systems, as well as set of values and worldview, that were present prior to colonisation.
80 Ti Lamusse, and Tracey McIntosh, ‘Prison Abolitionism: Philosophies, Politics, and Practices’, in The Aotearoa Handbook of Criminology, ed. Elizabeth Stanley, Sarah Monod de Froideville, and Trevor Bradley (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2021), 295.
81 Herman Bianchi, ‘Abolition: Assensus and Sanctuary’, in Abolitionism: Towards a Non-Repressive Approach to Crime. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Prison Abolition, Amsterdam 1985, ed. Herman Bianchi and Rene van Swaaningen, Juridische Reeks Vrije Universiteit 3 (International Conference on Prison Abolition, Amsterdam: Free University Press, 1986), 113–26; Herman Bianchi, ‘Abolition: Assensus and Sanctuary’, Justice, Power and Resistance 1, no. 1 (2017): 47–63.
82 Pat O’Malley, ‘Justice without Crime and Punishment? Security, Harm and Compensation in a Neoliberal World’, in Justice Alternatives, ed. Pat Carlen and Leandro Ayres França (Abingdon: Routledge, 2020), 60–72.
83 Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?, 107.
84 Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?; Davis, Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture; Angela Y. Davis, Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement, ed. Frank Barat (Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2016).