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Abstract
The Mescalero Apache have experienced a transition in vernacular architecture during two different periods of cultural identity and survival. During the pre-contact period, house forms were adopted and modified to serve the mobile and independent people. Following contact, house forms were imposed on them by the United States government. Today, house forms from both periods may be seen on the Mescalero Apache Reservation. Analysis of the Mescalero Apache built environment indicates the significance of vernacular architecture in recreating and sustaining ecological and social relationships, and ultimately, contributing to cultural survival.