Population dynamics of the Late Devonian conodont Alternognathus calibrated in days

Abstract

Alternognathus is a cavusgnathid conodont believed to be a relative and possible ancestor of the Siphonodella lineage, which is of crucial importance to the biostratigraphy of the Devonian–Carboniferous transition, as well as the Early Carboniferous Clydagnathus, with the most completely known soft tissue anatomy among conodonts. Specimens of Alternognathus from the Kowala quarry in central Poland have their basal cavities lacking any mineralised basal body tissue, exposing rhythmic growth increments of probably daily nature. This enables calibration of ontogeny and population dynamics of Alternognathus in absolute time units and to estimate the correspondence between data derived from isolated oral apparatus elements and the animal body size. The peak of mortality, probably resulting from predation, occurred at 18–28 days of the Alternognathus oral apparatus element secretion and the inferred whole animal length of about 1.6–2.9 cm. Based on analogy with present-day fish, the actual beginning of individual life presumably preceded the initiation of the mineral tissue secretion for about 8 days. This makes the dominant life cycle close to the lunar month length and suggests analogy to cyclic mortality of modern tropical organisms due to full moon light influence on their daily vertical migration.

Keywords:

• Conodonts
• population
• Famennian
• Alternognathus

Acknowledgements

I am very grateful to Jerzy Dzik (Institute of Paleobiology PAS, Warsaw) for providing access to the material and for insightful comments during preparation of the manuscript. My thanks goes also to Cyprian Kulicki and Krzysztof Owocki for their assistance with scanning microscopy taken at the Institute of Paleobiology PAS. Improvements introduced to the text by, John Repetski (US Geological Survey), José Ignacio Valenzuela-Rios (University of Valéncia) and one anonymous reviewer are highly appreciated.