The Border Wall as a Populist Challenge

ABSTRACT

Most critics of the U.S.-Mexico border wall assume that it represents the xenophobic nationalism typical of right populism. However, the populist message of exclusion is directed not at migrants but at the liberal democrats who compose the traditional mainstream of politics. The wall’s populist message is meant to expose a contradiction: liberal democrats do not know how to reconcile borders with their official commitment to universal inclusion. Right populism and left populism, too exploit this contradiction. Liberal democracy could effectively respond to the populist challenge, however, by using the wall’s symbolic connection to geography and the environment.

Keywords:

• borders
• border wall
• left populism
• populism
• right populism
• Trump
• xenophobia
• walls
• global warming
• territory

Notes

1 And even this World State would create exclusions, as I argue in Ochoa Espejo 2014.

2 Errejón and Mouffe.