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Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid extracted from sinomenium acutum on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. For this investigation, mice were s.c. immunized with type II collagen (CII) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (day 0). Varying doses of SIN were orally administered daily commencing on day 0 daily over a period of 55 days. The severity of arthritis was evaluated according to clinical score, the effect of SIN on immune responses were determined by measurement of proliferative responses of spleen cells, antibody levels in serum and cytokine assays. Anti-CII IgG2a and IFN-γ were measured as indicators of Th1 immune responses and anti-CII IgG1, IgE and IL-5 as those of Th2 responses. IL-10 and TGF-β were measured as indicators of T cell regulator responses. The results showed that treatment with SIN was followed by decreases in the incidence and severity of CIA, anti-CII IgG and the antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation. Production of all isotypes of antibodies including anti-CII IgG2a, IgG1 and IgE as well as secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-5 were suppressed by SIN. In addition, SIN enhanced the secretion of TGF-β while it had no obvious effect on production of IL-10. These results suggest that the anti-arthritic effect of SIN may be related to the suppression of both Th1 and Th2 immune responses. TGF-β may at least in part contribute to the suppression of Th1 as well as Th2 immune responses.
| Abbreviations | ||
| CFA | = | complete Freund's adjuvant |
| CIA | = | collagen-induced arthritis |
| CII | = | type II collagen |
| DEX | = | dexamethasone |
| IFN | = | interferon |
| IL | = | interleukin |
| PBS | = | phosphate-buffered saline |
| RA | = | rheumatoid arthritis |
| SIN | = | sinomenine |
| TGF | = | transforming growth factor |
| Th1 | = | type 1 helper T cell |
| Th2 | = | type 2 helper T cell |
| Abbreviations | ||
| CFA | = | complete Freund's adjuvant |
| CIA | = | collagen-induced arthritis |
| CII | = | type II collagen |
| DEX | = | dexamethasone |
| IFN | = | interferon |
| IL | = | interleukin |
| PBS | = | phosphate-buffered saline |
| RA | = | rheumatoid arthritis |
| SIN | = | sinomenine |
| TGF | = | transforming growth factor |
| Th1 | = | type 1 helper T cell |
| Th2 | = | type 2 helper T cell |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and from the Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center.