A sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) alters microcosm biofilm formation and reduces dental caries

Abstract

The antimicrobial and anticaries effects of CaneCPI-5 were evaluated. Ninety bovine enamel samples were treated for 60 s with either phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.05 mg ml⁻¹ CaneCPI-5, 0.1 mg ml⁻¹ CaneCPI-5 or 0.5 mg ml⁻¹ CaneCPI-5. They were incubated with inoculum (human saliva + McBain's saliva) for the first 8 h. From then until the end of the experiment, the enamel was exposed to McBain saliva with sucrose and, once a day, for 5 days, they were treated with the solutions. At the end of the experimental period, resazurin and viable plate count assays were performed. Enamel demineralization was also measured. All concentrations of CaneCPI-5 and CHX significantly reduced the activity of biofilms compared with PBS. For viable plate counts, all treatments similarly reduced the lactobacilli and total streptococci; for the mutans streptococci, 0.05 mg ml⁻¹ CaneCPI-5 performed better than CHX. All CaneCPI-5 concentrations significantly reduced the integrated mineral loss. This study represents the first step regarding the use of CaneCPI-5 within the concept of acquired enamel pellicle and biofilm engineering to prevent dental caries.

Keywords:

• Dental caries
• demineralization
• oral biofilm
• protein incorporation
• acquired pellicle

Acknowledgements

The authors thank FAPESP (2018/12041-7 and 2019/26070-1) and CNPq (407853/2018-9) for research grants awarded to the last author and FAPESP for the scholarship awarded to TTA (2019/08032-5) and PYTS (2017/16118-1). M.A.R.B is the recipient of a Research Productivity Scholarship from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq 302371/2018-4).

Disclosure statement

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

Authors contribution

Araujo TT and Buzalaf MAR conceived the experiments. Henrique-Silva F, Cruvinel T, Magalhães AC and Buzalaf MAR contributed to funding acquisition and methodology. Araujo TT, Camiloti GD, Valle AD, Carvalho TS, Câmara JVF and Shibao PYT conducted the experiments. Araujo TT, Valle AD, and Souza BM tabulated the data. Araujo TT, Valle AD, Souza BM, Silva NDG and Buzalaf MAR analyzed and interpreted the results. Araujo TT and Buzalaf MAR drafted the article. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil, under finance code 001 and by FAPESP (2019/26070-1). F.H.-S. and M.A.R.B are recipients of Research Productivity Scholarships from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq 311746/2017-9 and 302371/2018-4, respectively). The authors thank FAPESP for the concession of a PhD scholarship for the first author (2019/08032-5).