Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Dental Pulp as Sources of Cell Therapy for Zone of Stasis Burns

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to exert benefits for the survival of the zone-of-stasis. However, the clinical experience indicates the importance of selecting the right source and type of stem cells. Therefore, we planned the current study to perform a quantitative comparison of MSCs isolated from three different sources to provide information useful in selection of the optimal source and to see whether critical mechanisms are conserved between different populations. Methods: The protective effects of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental pulp were compared in a rat model of thermal trauma. The stasis zones were evaluated 72 h after the burn using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry. Results: Gross evaluation of burn wounds revealed that the differences between the mean percentages of the calculated necrotic areas weren't statistically significant. Semi-quantitative grading of the histopathological findings revealed that there were no significant differences between damage scores. Immunohistochemical assessment of apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths revealed that the differences between the mean numbers of apoptotic and necrotic cells weren't statistically significant. Myeloperoxidase activity was found to be significantly lower in the adipose tissue group. Biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment of tissue malondialdehyde revealed that the differences between the groups weren't statistically significant. Finally, the number of neo-vessels in the dental pulp group was found to be significantly higher. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental pulp may serve as a universal donor MSC source for the prevention of burn wound progression.

Keywords::

• Burn
• stasis zone
• mesenchymal stem cell
• bone marrow
• dental pulp
• adipose tissue

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

This study was approved by the Ethical Committee for Experimental Research on Animals and supported by Ahi Evran University Research Fund. The authors have no financial interest or other relationship with the manufacturers of any products or providers of any service mentioned in this article.

AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors have made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be submitted. Ozan Luay Abbas Corresponding author, Orhan Özatik Histological and immunohistological analysis, Zeynep Burçin Gönen Stem cell isolation and characterization, Serdal Öğüt Biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress, Fikriye Yasemin Özatik Surgical procedures and data analysis, Hasan Salkın Stem cell isolation and characterization, Ahmet Musmul Biostatistical analysis.