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Notes
1 Gary Taylor, John V. Nance, and Keegan Cooper, “Shakespeare and who? Aeschylus, Edward III and Thomas Kyd,” Shakespeare Survey, 70 (2017): 146−53 (147). For economy of reference, this essay will be cited as “Taylor”, the lead author, while using the relative pronouns, “they” and “their,” to acknowledge the plurality of authors.
2 All dates are taken from Wiggins; for a well-informed biography see CitationErne.
4 See CitationSnelson, “The Ideological Immune System: Resistance to New Ideas in Science,” Skeptic 1, no.4, 1992; http://www.eipiphiny.org/articles/snelson.pdf accessed 8 October 2019. See also Simon S. CitationDuncan, “The Isolation of Scientific Discovery: Indifference and Resistance to a New Idea,” Science Studies 4 (1974), 109–134. According to one study, the factors affecting resistance to change include “Cognitive Rigidity” and “Short-Term Focus.” See CitationOreg, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 2003, 680–93, http://dx.doi.10.103/0021-9010.88.4.680.
5 See http://www.scienceforthepublic.org/science-issues/resistance-to-new-ideas accessed 8 October 2019.
6 See M. P. CitationJackson, “Material for an edition of Arden of Faversham” (unpubl. B. Litt. thesis, Oxford University, 1963). Since then he has published numerous essays supporting his position: see the Bibliography in CitationJackson, Determining the Shakespeare Canon. Arden of Faversham and A Lover’s Complaint (Oxford, 2014), 255–7. For his recent publications disputing my thesis see Gary Taylor and Gabriel Egan, eds., The New Oxford Shakespeare Authorship Companion (Oxford, 2017), 48–59; 182–193.
7 See The New Oxford Shakespeare Authorship Companion (Oxford, 2017), 49–51, 57–9, 60–6, 68, 96, 98, 103, 105–6, 132–3, 193, etc.
8 Quotations are from the 1596 Quarto text, with line references to Melchiori, ed. cit. I have occasionally corrected errors in Q that might create confusion.
9 The late David Bevington (Chicago) and I will be responsible for 1 Henry VI and Edward III; Darren Freebury-Jones (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Stratford-on-Avon) for Arden of Faversham; Eugene Giddens (Ruskin Anglia) for King Leir; Ian Burrows (Cambridge) for Fair Em. Of the accepted canon, Martin Wiggins (Shakespeare Institute, Stratford-on-Avon) will be responsible for The Spanish Tragedy; Matthew Dimmock (Sussex) for Soliman and Perseda; Lucy Rayfield (Oxford) for Cornelia; Domenico Lovascio (Genoa) for The Householder’s Philosophy; Daniel Starza-Smith (Kings College London) for Verses of Praise and Joy; and Rebekah Owens (Anglia Ruskin) for the letters to Puckering.
10 As explained in the original essay (109 n.), I limited myself to these plays due to lack of space, excluding Soliman and Perseda, which has a considerable number of unique collocations matching Edward III.
11 See the Loeb Library Aeschylus I, tr. CitationH.W. Smyth (Cambridge, MA and London, 1922; revised, 1973), 107–207. Extending from verse 249–511, it occupies a quarter of the play. Taylor mis-spells his name as “Smith” (151, n.17).
12 In their recent Arden edition of Edward III, CitationRichard Proudfoot and Nicola Bennett point out that the French King twice “aligns himself with the invader rather than the invaded,” first with Agamemnon, then with Xerxes: “the Persian defeat makes his analogy doubly unfortunate” (232 n.). The irony at the French expense is intentional.
13 See the lengthy Messenger’s speech in Seneca’s Agamemnon, 421–578, describing the shipwreck of the Greek fleet returning from Troy.
14 See J.S. CitationCunningham (ed.), Tamburlaine the Great (Manchester, 1981), 2.3.15−16 (143). Taylor et al. give the wrong reference. The story of Xerxes’ army drinking up the river Araris derives from Herodotus 7.21.
15 The Arden editors describe this as a “mythic number, evoking the Greek fleet at Troy, and perhaps Faustus A-text, 5.1.91, ‘was this the face that launched a thousand ships’,” also noting the “hyperbolic use of numbers” elsewhere in the play (228 n.). It cannot be taken as evidence that Aeschylus provided the source.
16 See CitationJ.W. Binns, Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (Leeds, 1990), 229–30 on Watson’s translation of Sophocles’ Antigone into Latin verse.
17 See the entry by Richard Stoneman in CitationPeter France (ed.), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation (Oxford, 2000), 387.
18 Regrettably, the entry for Lodge by Alexandra Halasz in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (accessed 8.5.18) makes no mention of this fact.
19 See CitationF.L. Schoell, Etudes sur l’humanisme continental en Angleterre (Paris, 1926), and CitationGeorge de Lord, Homeric Renaissance. The Odyssey of George Chapman (London, 1956). Regrettably, the entry for Homer in The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation (p. 351) is unaware of Schoell’s ground-breaking study.
20 See CitationRobert S. Miola (ed.), George Chapman, Homer’s Iliad (Cambridge 2017; MHRA Tudor & Stuart Translations, vol. 20), Introduction, 11–13 on Chapman’s use of “Latin intermediaries.”
21 See the entry by Adrian Poole in France, op. cit., p. 357.
22 CitationAus Shakespeares Meisterwerkstatt. Stilgeschichtliche Studien (Berlin, 1906), 124; my translation. This similarity was rediscovered in our time by A.R. Braunmuller: see CitationMelchiori, ed. cit., pp. 112, 201.
23 See CitationFrederick S. Boas, (ed.), The Works of Thomas Kyd (Oxford, 1901, 195o), p. xxxii (my italics). In his notes to The Spanish Tragedy Boas failed to document the debts but added brief references to them in his notes on Cornelia, 433–4.
24 See Boas, 433–4 and The Spanish Tragedy, ed. CitationPhilip Edwards (London, 1959), 10–11.
25 Pharsalia VII, 617–28; see Lucan, ed. and tr. CitationJ. W. Duff (Loeb Classical Library; Cambridge, MA and London, 1928, 2006), 414–5; CitationRaymond Lebègue (ed.), Robert Garnier. Porcie, Cornélie (Paris, 1973), 278–81.
26 Kyd was arrested in the wake of the French Church libel on 11 May 1593, was interrogated the following day, tortured under arrest, and remained in prison for an unknown time.
27 For ease of reference play-titles are abbreviated: Sp. T for The Spanish Tragedy, Corn. for Cornelia, and SP for Soliman and Perseda, which is cited from the edition by Lucas Erne.
28 Apophthegmes New and Old (STC 1115; London, 1625). See CitationJames Spedding et al. (eds.), The Works of Francis Bacon, 14 vols. (London, 1872), 14:150. Diogenes Laertius ascribed this saying to Solon, as did Plutarch in his Life of Solon.