A latent core of dark traits explains individual differences in peacekeepers’ unethical attitudes and conduct

ABSTRACT

The influence of military members’ malevolent personality traits on their ethical attitudes and behaviors has been the subject of research for decades. We investigated the relationship between malevolent individual difference factors (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, the dominance facet of social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) and aspects of military ethics before and during a peacekeeping mission to Mali. Based on pre-service responses from 175 Swedish soldiers, a factor analysis revealed a latent variable to which all individual difference factors contributed. This latent “core of darkness” was related to being more positive toward unethical behaviors both in a warzone and in the Swedish military organization. Extending these findings using a sub-sample of the soldiers (n = 63), we also found that the latent darkness variable prospectively predicted a higher frequency of self-reported insulting and cursing of noncombatants while in Mali. Our results suggest that malevolent individual difference factors have a common core and that moral transgressions during peacekeeping can be predicted and perhaps minimized by identifying soldiers who score high on this common core. However, more research is needed to understand the unique relations of some malevolent factors and different types of morally questionable warzone behavior.

KEYWORDS:

• Dark Triad
• social dominance orientation
• right-wing authoritarianism
• military ethics
• peacekeeping

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. We also tested whether RWA and SDO added unique variance to warzone ethics when added to the DF only model. RWA uniquely added to DF, but also to a model including both DF and SDO. SDO only added uniquely to warzone ethics in a model with DF, but not when both DF and RWA were in the model.

As mentioned in the methods section, a reduced set of items was used to construct the narcissism scale. We checked whether this reduction influenced the estimations and found that it had a slight effect on the loadings in the measurement model of the DF, where narcissism had about .10 weaker loading. Importantly, the predictions of warzone and organizational ethics were almost exactly the same when using the complete version of the narcissism scale.