Application of Cranial Bone Grafts for Reconstruction of Maxillofacial Deformities

Abstract

This retrospective study evaluated outcomes with the use of calvarial bone grafts (CBGs) in maxillofacial reconstruction as well as donor and recipient site complications. The records of 50 consecutive patients from a private practice were reviewed; there were 34 women and 16 men, with an average age of 32.4 years (range 16 to 66 years). Among the 50 patients, CBGs were placed in 63 sites: the ramus (10), nasal dorsum (14), maxilla/alveolar ridge (12), glenoid fossa/temporal bone (14), mandibular body/symphysis (3), and orbitozygomatic complex (10). The longest follow-up averaged 22.4 months (range 12 to 48 months). An outer-table CBG harvest technique was utilized. All subjects were evaluated for infection, dehiscence, loss of graft, and any other complications. Three complications occurred (5%) at the recipient sites. Two grafts became infected requiring removal, and one nasal dorsal graft was mobile but remained in position. At 50 donor sites, 2 complications (4%) occurred, resulting in dural tears in two patients that were immediately repaired with no untoward consequence. In conclusion, CBGs are an effective bone source for maxillofacial reconstruction with low donor and recipient site complications.