Notes
1. This may be exemplified by their treatment of the code and programs of the system of translation: while Hermans (Citation1999, pp. 142–143, Citation2007, pp. 116–117) gives only an outline, Tyulenev (pp. 117–130) devotes a whole chapter to the topic.
2. Of course, Tyulenev's sense of directionality of translation is positioned at a very general level. It is different from its usual definition, restricted to the translation between two languages: the directionality, or the direction of translation, ‘refers to whether translation occurs into or out of the translator's native language (or language of habitual use)' (Shuttleworth & Cowie, Citation1997, p. 42). Even so, an alignment of the two may still be necessary on Tyulenev's part to keep his discussion more relevant.