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Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) are recognized as prebiotics beneficial to human health through their abilities to modulate gut microbiota. On the other hand, it has been reported that immediate allergic reactions are caused by a GOS product (Bc-GOS) produced by treating lactose with β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans. The objective of this study was to create a safer GOS product that is less likely to cause GOS-induced allergy (GOS-AL). First, we identified two derivatives of tetrasaccharide sugar chains in Bc-GOS as the factors responsible for GOS-AL by histamine release test (HRT) using blood samples obtained from two GOS-AL patients. Through our search for non-allergic GOS, we developed a new GOS product, SK-GOS, which was produced by catalyzing lactose with β-galactosidase derived from Sporobolomyces singularis and Kluyveromyces lactis. We regard it as a hypoallergic and safe GOS product that does not cause GOS-AL.
Graphical Abstract
Galβ1-4(Galβ1-4Galβ1-6)Glc (4P-X) in GOS was an allergen. 4P-X exhibited strong histamine release activity. GOS having little 4P-X level was hypoallergenic.
Acknowledgments
This study was conducted in the cooperation with Dr. Takashi Katutani (Katsutani Clinic, Hiroshima) and Dr. Eisaku Sakihara (Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital). We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all of them. We also wish to thank Dr. Shuichi Kaminogawa (Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo) for valuable suggestions. Here was no conflict of interest with any third party as to the contents of this study.
Notes
Abbreviations: GOS, galacto-oligosaccharide; GOS-AL, GOS-allergy; HRT, histamine release test; PA, pyridylamination; Gal, galactose; Glc, glucose.