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Abstract
Biofilms are communities of surface-attached microbial cells that resist environmental stresses. In this study, we found that low concentrations of ethanol increase biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 but not in a mutant of it lacking both Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides. Low concentrations of ethanol also increased pellicle formation at the air–liquid interface.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr Arne Heydorn for kindly providing us the COMSTAT program. This research was supported financially in part by the Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, and ALCA, and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (60292520, to N. N.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. Y. Tashiro was supported by a Scientific Research Fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).