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Abstract
Salivary IgA—a primary factor in local immunity of the oral cavity—plays an important role in maintaining local immune function in the oral cavity and prevent upper respiratory tract infections. Oral IgA levels are known to fluctuate in an exercise-dependent manner; thus, we investigated the effects of voluntary exercise on salivary IgA secretion in rats to better understand the mechanism by which this occurs. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were placed in individual cages with or without access to exercise wheels for three weeks. Notably, animals who engaged in voluntary exercise demonstrated significant increases in IgA concentration in saliva and submandibular gland tissue, as well as a markedly higher salivary IgA flow rate. Moreover, active rats also exhibited elevated polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) mRNA expression in submandibular gland tissue. Collectively, these results suggest that voluntary exercise may increase salivary IgA concentration and boost immune function in the oral cavity.
Graphical Abstract
Voluntary exercise of rats increased IgA concentration in the submandibular gland (A) and saliva (B). It also demonstrated higher pIgR mRNA expression in submandibular gland (C).
Notes
Abbreviations: pIgR, polymeric Ig receptor; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR, Polymerase chain reaction; NK, natural killer; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; TMB, tetramethylbenzidine; HPA, hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis; Th, T helper; IL, interleukin; INF, interferon.