Water-soluble polymers bearing phosphorylcholine group and other zwitterionic groups for carrying DNA derivatives

Abstract

Water-soluble polymers with equal positive and negative charges in the same monomer unit, such as the phosphorylcholine group and other zwitterionic groups, exhibit promising potential in gene delivery with appreciable transfection efficiency, compared with the traditional poly(ethylene glycol)-based polycation–gene complexes. These zwitterionic polymers with various architectural structures and properties have been synthesized by various polymerization methods, such as conventional radical polymerization, atom-transfer radical-polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. These techniques have been used to efficiently facilitate gene therapy by fabrication of non-viral vectors with high cytocompatibility, large gene-carrying capacity, effective cell-membrane permeability, and in vivo gene-loading/releasing functionality. Zwitterionic polymer-based gene delivery vectors systems can be categorized into soluble-polymer/gene mixing, molecular self-assembly, and polymer-gene conjugation systems. This review describes the preparation and characterization of various zwitterionic polymer-based gene delivery vectors, specifically water-soluble phospholipid polymers for carrying gene derivatives.

Keywords:

• zwitterionic polymer
• gene delivery
• 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer
• cytocompatibility

Funding

This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas ‘Nanomedicine Molecular Science’ [No. 2306] from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.