Wideband modified L-probe fed circularly polarized patch antenna with conical beam radiation pattern

Abstract

A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna with conical beam radiation pattern is presented. The antenna structure is composed of a circular patch, two modified L-shaped probes, and a wideband 90° hybrid feed network. The higher mode of TM₂₁ mode is excited on the circular patch to produce the conical beam radiation pattern. The proposed antenna has a measured common operating bandwidth with 10-dB return loss, 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, and good conical beam radiation pattern is about 20.1% with respect to the center frequency of 2.9 GHz from 2.6 to 3.2 GHz. The average gain of the proposed antenna is about 6.5 dBi over the operating band. Good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results.