Reconfigurable metasurface lens based on graphene split ring resonators using Pancharatnam–Berry phase manipulation

ABSTRACT

A reconfigurable graphene based metasurface is presented to controllably focus a circularly polarized incident plane wave. The unit cell of the proposed metasurface consists of split ring resonators on both sides of a dielectric layer. The required phase shift for focusing purpose is achieved by concurrent rotation of the elements to obey to the Pancharatnam–Berry concept. Convergence/Divergence of the transmitted wave can be controlled by handedness of the impinging plane wave and direction of the elements’ rotation. The operating frequency of the designed lens and its focal length can be adjusted by properly exploiting to the unique property of graphene, i.e. by tuning its chemical potential.

KEYWORDS:

• Graphene
• metasurface
• Pancharatnam–Berry phase
• reconfigurable lens

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Ladislau Matekovits http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0946-9561

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Zahra Hamzavi-Zarghani

Zahra Hamzavi-Zarghani was born in Shiraz, Iran. She received the B.Sc and M.Sc degrees in electrical engineering from Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2010 and from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran in 2014, respectively. She is currently pursuing the Joint Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran and Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy. Her research interests include metamaterial and metasurfaces, imaging, scattering manipulation and cloaking, transmitarray and reflectarray antennas, graphene and tunable applications.

Alireza Yahaghi

Alireza Yahaghi received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, in 2002, the M.Sc. degree in fields and waves communication engineering from the Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree from Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, in 2010. From June 2008 to November 2009, he was with the Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Electronics (IFH), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, as an Academic Guest. From July 2014 till November 2016 he was as an Alexander von Humboldt researcher with UltrafastOptics and X-Rays Division, CFEL, DESY, Hamburg, Germany. He is currently a full time assistant professor in the Department of Communication and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. His research interests are numerical methods in electromagnetics and optics, Metamaterials and Metasurfaces, plasmonics and transformation optics.

Ladislau Matekovits

Ladislau Matekovits (M’94–SM’11) received the degree in electronic engineering from Institutul Politehnic din Bucureti, Bucureti, Romania, and the Ph.D. degree (Dottorato di Ricerca) in electronic engineering from Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy, in 1992 and 1995, respectively. Since 1995, he has been with the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, first with a post-doctoral fellowship, then as a Research Assistant. He joined the same Department as Assistant Professor in 2002 and was appointed as Senior Assistant Professor in 2005 and as Associate Professor in 2014 respectively. In February 2017 he obtained the Full Professor qualification (Italy). In late 2005, he was Visiting Scientist at the Antennas and Scattering Department, FGAN-FHR (now Fraunhofer Institute), Wachtberg, Germany. Beginning July 1, 2009, for two years he has been a Marie Curie Fellow at Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, where in 2013 he also held a Visiting Academic position and in 2014 has been appointed as Honorary Fellow. His main research activities concern numerical analysis of printed antennas and in particular development of new, numerically efficient full-wave techniques to analyze large arrays, optimization techniques and active and passive metamaterials for cloaking applications. Material parameter retrieval of these structures by inverse methods and different optimization techniques have also been considered. In the last years, bio-electromagnetic aspects have also been contemplated, as for example design of implantable antennas or development of nano-antennas for example for drug delivery applications. He has published more than 300 papers, including more than 65 journal contributions, and delivered seminars on these topics all around the world: Europe, USA (AFRL/MIT-Boston), Australia, China and Russia. Prof. Matekovits has been invited to serve as Research Grant Assessor for government funding calls (Romania, Italy, Croatia) and as International Expert in PhD thesis evaluation by several Universities from Australia, India, Pakistan, Spain,etc. Prof. Matekovits has been a recipient of various awards in international conferences, including the 1998 URSI Young Scientist Award (Thessaloniki, Greece), the Barzilai Award 1998 (young Scientist Award, granted every two years by the Italian National Electromagnetic Group), and the Best AP2000 Oral Paper on Antennas, ESA-EUREL Millennium Conference on Antennas and Propagation (Davos, Switzerland). He has been Assistant Chairman and Publication Chairman of the European Microwave Week 2002 (Milan, Italy), and General Chair of the 11th International Conference on Body Area Networks (BodyNets) 2016. Since 2010 he is member of the organizing committee of the International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) and he is member of the technical program committees of several conferences. He serves as Associated Editor of the IEEE ACCESS, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters and IET MAP and reviewer for different journals.