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Abstract
Most electromagnetic phenomena pertaining to metamaterials are observed at the resonance positions. In this review, we have collated and analyze the most prevalent forms of resonance-based phenomena observed in metamaterials to serve as a ready reference for future researchers. Our focus will be on metamaterials operating at the terahertz frequency domain. Starting with the origin and evolution of fundamental LC resonances in metamaterials, we would explain occurrence of typical even and odd higher order resonance modes. We have also discussed Fano resonances in asymmetric gap resonators-based metamaterials. Further, quantum phenomena analogues, such as, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or Plasmon Induced Transparency (PIT), which can significantly influence the metamaterials resonances are also discussed. Thereafter, origins to ultra-sharp resonances in toroidal metamaterials, along with chiral metamaterials and resonance mode hybridization effects in the context of terahertz metamaterials are described. This review should be useful for undertaking.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Notes on contributors
Sabyasachi Banerjee
Sabyasachi Banerjee completed his B.Sc with Honours in Electronic Sciences from Calcutta University in 2012. He went onto study Post-B.Sc B.Tech in Radiophysics and Electronics (2012–15), and M.Tech in VLSI Design (2015–17) from the University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture (erstwhile Rajabazar Science College), Calcutta University. He also qualified GATE examination in 2015 and was a recipient of the GATE scholarship during the tenure of his M.Tech. In June 2017, he joined as a Research Fellow in the DST research project “Metamaterials based ultra sensitive thin film sensors” under the supervision of Dr. Dibakar Roy Chowdhury at Mahindra Ecole Centrale. In December 2017, he enrolled for a PhD in the Electrical and Electronics Department, BITS Pilani (Hyderabad) under the joint supervision of Dr. Sanket Goel and Dr. Dibakar Roy Chowdhury. Mr. Banerjee’s area of research is the development of metamaterial-based microwave and terahertz-sensing devices.
Bishnu P. Pal
Bishnu P. Pal is currently Professor of Physics and Dean of Academics at Mahindra École Centrale at Hyderabad India. He has been Former Chair of Physics Department (2007–2011) and Computer Services Centre at IIT Delhi (2003–2006) India, Member Board of Directors of OSA The Optical Society (Washington, USA, 2009–2011), Fellow of OSA the Optical Society (USA) and SPIE The International Society for Optics and Photonics (USA), Distinguished Honorary Foreign Member of Royal Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters (DKNVS, Norway), Senior Member of IEEE (USA), Distinguished Lecturer of IEEE Photonics Society (2005–2006) and Associate Editor of IEEE Photonics Journal (2020–23), Fellow and President of Optical Society of India (2012–March 2015), Alexander von Humboldt Fellow (1982–83, Germany) and Fulbright Scholar at NIST Boulder CO (1991, USA), PDF and latter Visiting Professor of Royal Norwegian CSIR (NTNF, Oslo, 1975–77) at Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway, awardee of Esther Hoffman Beller Medal of OSA. The Optical Society (Centenary Year 2016, USA), Invited faculty at the ICO Winter School in Optics held at ICTP 1998, Awardee of Homi Bhabha award in Applied Physics of UGC (India, 2006), Om Prakash Bhasin award in Electronics and Information Technology (India, 2013), Khosla Research Award of IIT Roorkee (India, 2014) for lifetime contributions in research, Prof Y T Thathachari award for excellence in Physical Sciences (India, 2010) of Bhramara Trust (Mysore), CEOT award of IETE (India, 2010) for his contributions to Optoelectronics Devices, Co-recipient of the Fiber Optics Person of the Year award (1997) established by Lucent Technology in India and Optics award of Optical Society of India (OSI, 2010) for lifetime achievements.
Dibakar Roy Chowdhury
Dibakar Roy Chowdhury is a PhD from Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany (2008). Later he worked as research fellow in University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA and Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. He joined as an Associate Professor with Mahindra École Centrale, Hyderabad, India in 2015. Currently he is professor in Physics in Mahindra Ecole Centrale. His research interest deals with electromagnetics, materials, photonics and micro-nanotechnology, with special focus on studying light-matter interaction at the micro-nano-scale level. Precisely his research interests are in the areas of metamaterials, plasmonics, semiconductor physics, nanophotonics, and micro-nano-fabrication. He has been working on design, simulations and fabrication of novel devices, while simultaneously exploring their applications in information, sensing and energy-related fields. So far, he has published 44 papers in internationally reputed peer-reviewed journals including Science, Applied Physics Letters, Scientific Reports, Optics Express, Physical Review B, Optics Letters. His works has been highlighted by several scientific magazines such as Worldwide Science, Phys Org, Nanotechnolgy News, Nanotechnology Now, Laser Focus World, Terahertz Technology. His works were also highlighted in the cover page of Applied Physics Letters.