Power management for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio communication system: a comprehensive survey

Abstract

The underlay spectrum access is a very prominent technique in cognitive radio (CR) communication systems in which the primary users (PUs) share the spectrum with the cognitive users (CUs), simultaneously. However, the PU communication is protected by constraining the CUs' transmission power in such a way that the interference power introduced at the PU receiver is under the tolerable limits. In this comprehensive survey, we have presented the general framework of CR communication technology and emphasized on the spectrum accessing and sharing techniques. Various approaches of the optimal power allocation to CUs, namely, the game theory, price auction, convex optimization and iterative water-filling are presented. Moreover, to address the random nature of channel, the performance metrics analysis with the perfect and imperfect channel state information is also illustrated. Finally, the potential issues and research challenges for power management in the CR communication systems are presented which need to be explored.

KEYWORDS:

• Channel state information
• cognitive radio
• dynamic spectrum access
• interference management
• non-orthogonal multiple access
• opportunistic spectrum access
• power constraints
• spectrum sharing

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

G. Singh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-3286

Notes

1 In general, the cognition renders optimizations/adaptations + learning + reasoning. However, in this article, the key intent is on the spectrum-sharing techniques where optimal power allocation to CUs is of prime focus; therefore, in significant part of the paper, CR signifies the optimization and adaption process only.

2 The SU and CU are used interchangeably which denote the secondary user and cognitive user in this paper.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Prabhat Thakur

Prabhat Thakur is working as Post Doctoral Researcher in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Previously, he served as Assistant Professor, in the Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, India. He has received MTech and PhD degree in the Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India in 2015 and 2018, respectively. He also worked as Research Fellow in a project sponsored by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India from November 2015 to March 2018. The research interests are cognitive radio communication systems, internet-of-vehicles, compressive sampling and signal processing. Recently, he is working towards the energy and spectral efficient as well as interference efficient designs for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio communication systems.

G. Singh

G. Singh received PhD degree in Electronics Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, in 2000. He was associated with Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, and Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, India, respectively, where he was Research Scientist. He had also worked as an Assistant Professor at Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Nirma University of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad, India. He was a Visiting Researcher at the Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. At present, he is Professor and Head of Research in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. Previously, he served as Professor in the Department Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Wakanaghat, Solan, India. He is an author/co-author of more than 200 scientific papers of the refereed Journal and International Conferences. His research and teaching interests include RF/Microwave Engineering, Millimeter/THz Wave Antennas and its Applications in Communication and Imaging, Next Generation Communication Systems (OFDM and Cognitive Radio), and Nanophotonics. He has more than 20 years of teaching and research experience in the area of Electromagnetic/Microwave Engineering, Wireless Communication and Nanophotonics. He has supervised various Ph. D. and M. Tech. theses. He has worked as a reviewer for several reputed Journals and Conferences. He is author of four books “Terahertz Planar Antennas for Next Generation Communication”, “MOSFET Technologies for Double-Pole Four-Throw Radio-Frequency Switch”, “Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks”, “Medical Image Watermarking: Techniques and Applications” published by Springer.