A slotted frustum-shaped 4 × 4 MIMO dielectric resonator antenna with enhanced isolation for 5G Wi-Fi applications

Abstract

In this paper, a slotted frustum-shaped $4\times 4$ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is designed and developed for portable 5G Wi-Fi ($5.15-5.85\mathrm{GHz}$) applications. The DRA is excited by $\mathrm{HE}{M}_{11\delta }$ and $\mathrm{HE}{M}_{21\delta }$ modes. A slotted right-angle frustum-shaped (SRFS) structure of alumina material as a dielectric resonator (DR) is positioned on the ground plane of the FR4 substrate to design a DRA. Based on the designed DRA, a compact ($2.57{\lambda }_g\times 2.57{\lambda }_g$, where ${\lambda }_g$ is guided wavelength and calculated at a lower cut-off frequency, $5.0\mathrm{GHz}$, for ${ϵ}_f$ of $4.4$) $4\times 4$ MIMO antenna with high isolation of greater than $27.13\mathrm{dB}$ (from $5.0$ to $6.1\mathrm{GHz}$) and $24.3\mathrm{dB}$ (from $6.1$ to $6.25\mathrm{GHz}$) is proposed. The developed MIMO antenna's measured working frequency ranges from $5.0$ to $6.25\mathrm{GHz}$, with an impedance bandwidth, $B{W}_i$ of $22.22\mathrm{\%}$, peak gain, $G_P$ of $5.85\mathrm{dBi}$ and an average peak gain, $G_{\mathrm{av}}$ of $5.25\mathrm{dBi}$. The calculated MIMO antenna's diversity performance parameters, channel capacity loss $(C_{\mathrm{CL}}^{\mathrm{ij}})$, diversity gain $(D_G^{\mathrm{ij}})$, envelop correlation coefficient $(E_{\mathrm{CC}}^{\mathrm{ij}})$, mean effective gain $(M_{\mathrm{EG}}^i)$, total active reflection coefficient $(T_{\mathrm{ARC}})$, and channel capacity $(C_C)$ are obtained as $<0.17\mathrm{bits}/\sec /\mathrm{Hz}$, $>9.99\mathrm{dB}$, $<0.0301$, $<-6.06\mathrm{dB}$, $<-12.5\mathrm{dB}$, and $<21.6\mathrm{bits}/\sec /\mathrm{Hz}$, respectively. The agreement between the simulation and measurement results is found to be remarkably consistent.

Keywords:

• Dra
• mimo
• channel capacity loss
• envelop correlation coefficient
• multiplexing efficiency
• mean effective gain
• total active reflection coefficient
• channel capacity

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ravi Chandra

Ravi Chandra received the Master's Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering with a specialization in Microwave Engineering from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand in 2014. Currently, he is pursuing a Ph.D. Degree in the department of Electronics & Communication Engineering at the same institution. His research interests encompass Electromagnetic Field theory, RF-microwave, and Antenna design, with a particular focus on Dielectric resonator antenna design.

Dileep Kumar Upadhyay

Dileep Kumar Upadhyay received the B.Tech. degree in electronics and communication engineering from Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU), Lucknow, in 2005, and the M.E. degree in wireless communication and the Ph.D. (Engg.) degree in characterization and experimental verification of new microwave circuits, using metamaterials in wireless communications from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, in 2007 and March 2014, respectively. He has been an Assistant Professor with the Department of ECE, Birla Institute of Technology, since August 2007. His research interests include RF circuit design, design and development of metamaterial-based microwave circuits, defected ground plane, reconfigurable microwave circuits, and fractal geometry-based microwave circuits for the applications in wireless communication systems.