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Invited Review

Corneal Involvement in HIV-infected Individuals

, MS, FICO, , MBChB, MMed (Ophth), FCOphth (SA), PhDORCID Icon, , FRCOphth & , FAMS, PhD
Pages 1177-1182 | Received 24 Dec 2020, Accepted 01 Feb 2021, Published online: 07 Jul 2021
 

ABSTRACT

Corneal involvement in HIV-infected individuals may be broadly classified into two categories, namely, infectious and noninfectious with the vast majority of manifestations occurring in the former. In this article, we shall focus on these two categories and strive to highlight those presentations that should alert the clinician to suspect underlying HIV infection. Infectious group mainly consists of Herpitic group of viral infections. Bacterial causes may be due to Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, alpha hemolytic Streptococcus, Micrococcus and Bacillus. Fungalf keratitis in HIV-infected individuals depends on the geographic locations from which patient comes. Microsporidia and Acanthamoeba are common Protozoal causes. Non-infective inflammatory causes include peripheral ulcerative keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Severity which is abnormally severe or very minimally reactive makes the clinician suspect of immunosuppression.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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