Saxex: A case‐based reasoning system for generating expressive musical performances*

The authors of this paper received the 1997 “Swets and Zeitlinger Distinguished Paper Award” presented at the 1997 International Computer Music Conference, held in Thessaloniki, Greece. Sound examples are available in the JNMR Electronic Appendix (EA), which can be found on the WWW at http://www.swets.nl/jnntr/jnmr.html

Abstract

The problem of generating expressive musical performances in the context of tenor saxophone interpretations was studied. Several recordings of a tenor sax playing different Jazz ballads with different degrees of expressiveness including an inexpressive interpretation of each ballad were made. These recordings were analyzed, using Sms spectral modeling techniques, to extract information related to several expressive parameters. This set of parameters and the scores constitute the set of cases (examples) of a case‐based system. From this set of cases, the system infers a set of possible expressive transformations for a given new phrase applying similarity criteria, based on background musical knowledge, between this new phrase and the set of cases. Finally, SaxEx applies the inferred expressive transformations to the new phrase using the synthesis capabilities of Sms.

Notes

The authors of this paper received the 1997 “Swets and Zeitlinger Distinguished Paper Award” presented at the 1997 International Computer Music Conference, held in Thessaloniki, Greece. Sound examples are available in the JNMR Electronic Appendix (EA), which can be found on the WWW at http://www.swets.nl/jnntr/jnmr.html