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Abstract
Short historical overview of the variable taxonomic rank of the family Microchaetidae is given. The dispersal of the South African endemic taxa based on paleogeological evidence is noted. Present familial status and the generic composition are outlined. A correlation between specific features and the species distribution is indicated. Selected familial and generic diagnostic characters and their plesiomorphic and apomorphic conditions are discussed. The possible relationship between Microchaetidae and other families sensu various authors is marked out.