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Abstract
The two-angle conformally evaporated-film-by-rotation technique (TA-CEFR) was devised to coat the wings of the monarch butterfly with nickel in order to form a 500-nm thick bioreplica thereof. The bioreplica exhibits structural colours that are completely obscured in actual wings by pigmental colours. Thus, the TA-CEFR technique provides a way to replicate, study and exploit hidden morphologies of biological surfaces.
Notes
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Funding
This work was partially supported by the project Promotion of Student Activities [VP1-3.1-ŠMM-01-V-02-003] from the Research Council of Lithuania to TT. This project is funded by the Republic of Lithuania and European Social Fund under the 2007–2013 Human Resources Development Operational Programme’s priority 3. Additional funding was provided to AL and SES by the Charles Godfrey Binder Endowment at the Pennsylvania State University.