Azimuthally unidirectional transport of energy in magnetoelectric fields: topological Lenz’s effect

Abstract

Magnetic-dipolar modes (MDMs) in a quasi-2D ferrite disc are microwave energy-eigenstate oscillations with topologically distinct structures of rotating fields and unidirectional power-flow circulations. At the first glance, this might seem to violate the law of conservation of an angular momentum, since the microwave structure with an embedded ferrite sample is mechanically fixed. However, an angular momentum is seen to be conserved if topological properties of electromagnetic fields in the entire microwave structure are taken into account. In this paper, we show that due to the topological action of the azimuthally unidirectional transport of energy in a MDM-resonance ferrite sample there exists the opposite topological reaction on a metal screen placed near this sample. We call this effect topological Lenz’s effect. The topological Lenz’s law is applied to opposite topological charges: one in a ferrite sample and another on a metal screen. The MDM-originated near fields – the magnetoelectric (ME) fields – induce helical surface electric currents and effective charges on a metal. The fields formed by these currents and charges will oppose their cause.

Keywords:

• Microwaves
• magnetic oscillations
• topological effect
• magnetoelectric effect
• magnetoelectric fields

Notes

1. In 1948 Tellegen (25) suggested that an assembly of the lined up electric-magnetic dipole twins can construct a new type of an electromagnetic material. Until now, however, the problem of realization of a structural element of such a material – the Tellegen particle – is a subject of strong discussions (see e.g. (26) and references therein).