Optical modelling of cone concentrators for positive and negative IR emitters

Abstract

InSb optical cone concentrators are modelled to assess their optical performance in positive and negative emission modes. The output distribution from the active layer is shown to be isotropic for thin active regions, tending towards Lambertian distribution as the layer thickness increases. Refraction from the emitting surface is shown to make the distribution more Lambertian. Optical efficiencies of straight-sided and Winston cone concentrators are modelled using a ray-tracing program, and those of straight-sided cones also determined using an analytical approximation, which allows use of the distribution derived earlier. The effect on the active layer thickness on the positive and negative emission is also determined. Normal light emitting diode structures are found to be poor positive emitters and to draw large currents when used as negative emitters. A Winston cone of area gain equal to n ² is found to be the best option for devices required to work in both positive and negative modes. Intermediate structures are also considered. The optimum active layer thickness is derived for three emitter configurations.