Development of a low-spatter CO₂ arc welding process with a high-frequency pulse current

Abstract

In CO₂ arc welding of solid wire, metal transfer phenomena and spatter generation are investigated with rectangular pulse current, and a low spatter CO₂ arc welding process with high frequency pulse current is developed. The optimal conditions of high frequency pulse CO₂ arc welding are in the range of peak current: 450–550 A and pulse frequency: 450–750 Hz. These high frequency pulse currents have the effect of droplet oscillation due to resonance between applied pulse frequency and the natural frequency of the droplet. The droplet is transferred consistently every 9–11 pulses and the average interval of metal transfer is about 16 ms which is reduced to half that of conventional CO₂ arc welding. This average droplet weight is 34 mg, showing a large reduction in comparison with that of the conventional method. As a result, total spatter weight is reduced by 70% in comparison with the conventional method, and especially, large spatters more than 0.5 mm in diameter are reduced from 1.5 to 0.2 g/min.

Keywords:

• CO₂ gas shielded arc welding
• spatter
• welding wire
• high frequency pulse current