Shelved sovereignty or invalid sovereignty? The South China Sea negotiations, 1992–2016

Abstract

This article contributes to the current discourses on China’s diplomacy in the South China Sea disputes by asking: What does China want to achieve in the various negotiations? By comparing different versions of the multilateral Code of Conduct negotiations between 1992 and 2016, the authors find that the sovereignty issue has been shelved throughout the negotiations. We identify three factors that may account for this finding: the inconsistency of China’s official claims over time, China’s increased bargaining power, and the importance of the shelved sovereignty axiom since the era of Deng Xiaoping. The authors conclude that the normative game continues in the shadows of international norms represented by invalid sovereignty over the contested waters.

Keywords:

• China
• South China Sea disputes
• negotiation
• sovereignty

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Professor Srikanth Kondapalli, Dr Thomas Wilkins, Professor You Ji, Dr Shicun Wu, and Dr Nong Hong as well as the anonymous referees and editors for their valuable suggestions and advice.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1 The map was issued by the Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China (2009).