Predictors of incident hypertension in healthy non-diabetic postmenopausal women with normal renal function

Abstract

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the incidence of hypertension and to identify potential risk factors in healthy, non-diabetic recently postmenopausal Greek women with normal renal function.

Patients and methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 141 recently postmenopausal women at baseline and annually thereafter (follow-up time: 1 to 8 years). Blood samples were obtained, and ultrasound evaluations were performed at baseline. A detailed medical history, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors were recorded for every woman at each visit. Incident hypertension was defined as the first occurrence of office systolic or diastolic blood pressure, measured at 2 different visits within 2 months or history of initiation of antihypertensive medication.

Results: Incident hypertension was diagnosed in 30 out of 141 women (21.3%). The median time to incident hypertension was 3.5 years. Adiposity, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, insulin resistance and parity were positively associated with incident hypertension. In multivariate analysis, however, obesity and insulin resistance were the only statistically significant variables associated with more than 3-fold and 2-fold respectively increased risk of incident hypertension (HOMA-IR, O.R = 1.988, p-value =.043; obesity, O.R = 3.746, p-value =.019).

Conclusion: A significant proportion of women entering the menopause present incident hypertension and this is mostly associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

摘要

引言:目的是研究近期肾功能正常非糖尿病的健康绝经希腊女性中高血压的发病率及潜在的危险因素。

患者与方法: 本项回顾性队列研究评估了141例近期绝经的女性基线水平, 其后每年进行评估（随访时间：1-8年）。基线包括超声评估及血样分析。每次就诊对详细的病史、人体测量学指标、血压、心血管风险因素进行记录。高血压发生定义为诊室首次发现收缩压或舒张压升高, 2个月内2次就诊测量血压升高, 或者开始服用降压药史。

结果: 141例女性中有30例诊断为新发高血压（21.3%）, 发生高血压的中位年限为3.5年。肥胖、胆固醇和甘油三酸酯水平升高及胰岛素抵抗与高血压发生呈正相关。然而在多变量分析中, 肥胖和胰岛素抵抗是仅有的统计学显着变量, 分别与发生高血压的风险增加3倍和2倍以上有关(HOMA-IR, O.R=1.988, p值=.043;肥胖, O.R=3.746, p值=019)。

结论: 进入绝经期的女性中很大比例出现高血压, 这主要与肥胖和胰岛素抵抗相关。

The Chinese abstracts are translated by Prof. Dr. Xiangyan Ruan and her team: Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China.

Keywords:

• Hypertension
• incidence
• postmenopausal women

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflict of interest.