Copper and levonorgestrel containing intrauterine devices: comparison of their effect on oxidative stress markers

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress by measuring the thiol-disulfide balance in women who use either T380A or LNG-IUD as a contraceptive method. Material and method: The study included two groups; 30 women with LNG-IUD and 30 women with copper-IUD. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis as a marker of oxidative stress was analyzed before the IUD insertion and on the 6^th month after insertion. Results: The LNG-IUD group had similar native thiol levels with Cu-IUD (293.1 ± 43.5 µmol/l vs. 290.4 ± 42.4 µmol/l respectively, p = 819). In the copper-IUD group total thiol levels were higher than LNG-IUD group (345.5 ± 58.2 µmol/l vs. 319.5 ± 52.4 µmol/l, p = .031). A significant increase was observed after 6 months in LNG-IUD patients in terms of disulfide/native thiol (7.9 ± 4.4% vs. 11.2 ± 2.6%, p = .006), disulfide/total thiol (6.2 ± 1.8% vs. 8.7 ± 1.9%, p = .004) and Native thiol/total thiol (87.1 ± 12.1% vs. 82.3 ± 8.2%, p = .004) levels. After 6 months in copper-IUD patients, disulfide (22.3 ± 7.3 µmol/l vs. 27.5 ± 6.9 µmol/l respectively, p = .006), disulfide/native thiol (7.7 ± 3.8% vs. 9.8 ± 2.4% respectively, p = .007), disulfide/total thiol (6.4 ± 2.03% vs. 8.2 ± 1.8% respectively, p = .007) and native thiol/total thiol (86.3 ± 9.4% vs. 83.8 ± 10.6% respectively, p = .007) levels were increased. Conclusion: An increase in oxidative stress markers were observed in both groups. Studies evaluating the long term subclinical risks of IUD’s are needed to understand the outcomes of the increased oxidative stress.

摘要

我们旨在通过测量使用T380A或含左炔诺孕酮的宫内节育器作为避孕方法的妇女的硫醇-二硫化物平衡来评估氧化应激。材料和方法:研究分为两组；30名妇女放置含左炔诺孕酮的宫内节育器, 30名妇女放置铜宫内节育器。在宫内节育器植入前和植入后第6个月, 分析作为氧化应激标志的稳态巯基-二硫化物。结果: 含左炔诺孕酮的宫内节育器组与含铜宫内节育器组具有相似的天然硫醇水平(分别为293.1±43.5μmol/l和290.4±42.4μmol/l, p= 819)。含铜宫内节育器组的总硫醇水平高于含左炔诺孕酮的宫内节育器组(345.5±58.2μmol/l vs 319.5±52.4μmol/l, p= .031)。6个月后, 含左炔诺孕酮的宫内节育器组患者的二硫化物/天然硫醇(7.9±4.4% vs 11.2±2.6%, p= .006)、二硫化物/总硫醇(6.2±1.8% vs 8.7±1.9%, p= .004)和天然硫醇/总硫醇(87.1±12.1% vs 82.3±8.2%, p= .004)水平显著增加。6个月后, 含铜宫内节育器患者的二硫化物/天然硫醇(分别为22.3±7.3μmol/l和27.5±6.9μmol/l, p= .006)、二硫化物/天然硫醇(分别为7.7±3.8% vs 9.8±2.4%, p= .007)、二硫化物/总硫醇(分别为6.4±2.03% vs 8.2±1.8%, p= .007)和天然硫醇/总硫醇(分别为86.3±9.4% vs 83.8±10.6, p= .007)。

结论:在两组中都观察到氧化应激标记物的增加。需要评估宫内节育器长期亚临床风险的研究来了解氧化应激增加的结果。

Keywords:

• Contraception
• copper
• intrauterine device
• levonorgestrel
• thiol/disulfide hemostasis
• oxidative stress

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.