Importance of active and passive smoking as one of the risk factors for female sexual dysfunction in Chinese women

Abstract

Objective

To assess possible risk factors for female sexual dysfunction (FSD), aiming especially at smoking in China.

Methods

Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for assessing FSD; 621 women (24–75 years) divided into ‘group FSD’ (FSFI≤ 26.55) and ‘group No FSD’ (FSFI > 26.55). Univariate and multivariate analysis to detect potential risk factors for FSD.

Results

Active smoking was the strongest risk factor after multiple adjustments (OR= 6.226, 95%CI = 1.561 ∼ 24.822), but passive smoking also was significantly associated with a risk of FSD (OR = 1.887, 95%CI = 1.092 ∼ 3.260) (p < .05). Other risk factors included age (OR = 1.040, 95%CI = 1.005 ∼ 1.076), medical comorbidities (OR= 1.688, 95%CI =1.044 ∼ 2.729), postmenopausal stage (OR= 2.021, 95%CI = 1.073 ∼ 5.717), and dissatisfied marital relations (OR= 3.771, 95%CI = 1.768 ∼ 8.045). The prevalence of FSD for smokers regarding disorders of sexual arousal, orgasm and sexual satisfaction increased in active smokers; sexual desire disorder, sexual arousal disorder and pain in secondhand smokers (p < .05).

Conclusion

The risk of FSD was closely related to depletion of ovarian function. Active smokers had the highest risk, but passive smoking also had a significant relationship to FSD. Although female smokers are rare in China, ‘husband smoking’ is frequent. Thus, our results should have significant healthcare consequences.

摘要

目的：本研究旨在评估中国女性性功能障碍（female sexual dysfunction, FSD）可能的危险因素, 尤其针对吸烟人群。

方法：有621名（24-75岁）女性纳入本研究, 应用女性性功能指数量表（Female Sexual Function Index, FSFI）评估FSD。将研究对象分为“有性功能障碍组（FSFI≤26.55）”和“无性功能障碍组（FSFI>26.55）”。单因素和多因素分析探讨女性性功能障碍的危险因素。

结果：多因素分析结果显示：主动吸烟是FSD的重要危险因素（OR=6.226, 95%CI=1.561∼24.822）, 同时被动吸烟也是FSD的重要危险因素（OR=1.887, 95%CI=1.092∼3.260）(P<0.05)。其他的危险因素还包括：年龄（OR=1.040, 95%CI=1.005∼1.076）, 内科合并症（OR= 1.688, 95%CI =1.044∼2.729）, 绝经（OR=2.021, 95%CI=1.073∼5.717）和婚姻关系不满意（OR= 3.771, 95%CI=1.768∼8.045）。主动吸烟女性的性唤起障碍患病率、性高潮障碍患病率和性满意度障碍的患病率均明显升高；被动吸烟女性的性欲障碍患病率、性唤起障碍患病率和性交痛的患病率明显升高（P<0.05）。

结论：女性性功能障碍与卵巢功能降低紧密相关。主动吸烟FSD的重要危险因素, 但被动吸烟也与FSD有显著关系。虽然中国女性主动吸烟者很少, 但“丈夫吸烟”却很常见。因此, 我们的研究结果将对医疗保健产生重大影响。

Keywords:

• Female sexual dysfunction
• second-hand smoke
• harm reduction
• cessation

Acknowledgements

The authors especially thank Prof. Xingming Li of the Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) for his assistance in the statistical analysis of the data. We thank all participants and staffs at the study sites for their cooperation.

Author contributions

RJ: conceptualization: equal, data curation: lead, writing-original draft: lead; XR: conceptualization: lead, data curation: lead, funding acquisition: lead, project administration: lead, supervision: lead, writing-review and editing: lead; XX, YY, JC, LZ, BW, SQ, ZD: Data collection. AOM: conceptualization: equal, methodology: supporting, supervision: equal, writing-review and editing: lead. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Patient consent for publication

All participants were voluntary participation and informed consent, no objection to publication.

Ethics approval

The Ethical Committee of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University reviewed and approved the study protocol.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Availability of data and materials statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

The first batch of Beijing maternal and child health specialist demonstration units ‘menopausal health specialist’ [(2017)35]; China Health Promotion Foundation [CHPF-2018-OP-11]; Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Ascent Plan, code: DFL20181401; China International Talent Exchange Association Medical health technology innovation and talent training special fund [2017041900004, 2018042000001].